Regenerative Braking Control with Bidirectional Converter for EV Applications
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Keywords:
Regenerative Braking Control, Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter, Field-Oriented Control, SVPWM, PMSM, Electrical VehicleAbstract
Regenerative braking is a key technology in electric vehicles (EVs) for improving energy
efficiency and extending driving range by converting kinetic energy into stored electrical energy during
deceleration. This study proposes a dual-mode regenerative braking control strategy for a permanent
magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drivetrain, integrating a bidirectional buck–boost DC–DC converter
with a full-bridge inverter. Unlike conventional unidirectional converter systems, the proposed
architecture enables bidirectional power flow between the motor and the battery, allowing efficient
energy recovery and controlled deceleration under a wide range of operating conditions. A field-oriented
control (FOC) scheme is employed for precise torque and flux regulation, while an intelligent supervisory
logic dynamically selects the converter mode based on real-time motor torque feedback. The complete
system, including realistic battery dynamics, is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink under flat
road, low-speed driving scenarios, where conventional regenerative methods often exhibit reduced
performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach increases recovered energy by
more than 22% compared to a baseline unidirectional converter, while maintaining DC bus voltage
stability, suppressing torque ripple, and ensuring smooth mode transitions between acceleration and
regenerative braking. These findings validate the practicality of the proposed strategy, indicating its
potential for real-world implementation to enhance battery state-of-charge (SOC) management, extend
EV range, and improve overall drivetrain energy efficiency without adding significant system complexity.
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