An In Silico Approach Study: The Predicted Toxicity Profile of Diazinon


Abstract views: 38 / PDF downloads: 29

Authors

  • Nazli Turkten Kirsehir Ahi Evran University
  • Yunus Karatas Kirsehir Ahi Evran University
  • Yelda Yalcin Gurkan Tekirdag Namik Kemal University
  • Simal Kurumoglu Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Keywords:

Diazinon, Organophosphorus Pesticides, Protox 3.0, In Silico Approach, TEST

Abstract

-The increased use of pesticides in the agricultural sector to meet global food demand, driven by
population growth. The widespread application of organophosphorus pesticides in crop production poses a
significant environmental problem related to the accumulation of residues in soil and surface water. The
presence of these organophosphorus residues can alter soil nutrient diversity, which is influential on
microorganisms responsible for soil fertility. Moreover, this agricultural-originated problem can cause toxic
effects to the ecosystem and human health. For that reason, the toxicity profile of diazinon (DZ), an
organophosphorus pesticide, was assessed by using two different in silico approaches. The predicted
toxicity of DZ was evaluated by using ProTox 3.0 and TEST programs. The results indicated that the DZ
pesticide exhibited toxic signs associated with the calculated lethal dose 50 (LD50) values.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Nazli Turkten, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University

Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 40100, Kirsehir, Türkiye

Yunus Karatas, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University

Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 40100, Kirsehir, Türkiye.

Yelda Yalcin Gurkan, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 59030, Tekirdag, Türkiye.

Simal Kurumoglu, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 59030, Tekirdag, Türkiye

References

Aydın, R., & Köprücü, K. (2005). Acute toxicity of diazinon on the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) embryos and larvae. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 82(3), 220–225. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2005.03.001

Čolović, M., Krstić, D., Petrović, S., Leskovac, A., Joksić, G., Savić, J., Franko, M., Trebše, P., & Vasić, V. (2010). Toxic effects of diazinon and its photodegradation products. Toxicology Letters, 193(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.11.022

Díaz-Resendiz, K. J. G., Bernal-Ortega, J. A., Covantes-Rosales, C. E., Ortiz-Lazareno, P. C., Toledo-Ibarra, G. A., Ventura-Ramon, G. H., & Girón-Pérez, M. I. (2020). In-vitro effect of diazoxon, a metabolite of diazinon, on proliferation, signal transduction, and death induction in mononuclear cells of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 105, 8–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.001

Díaz-Resendiz, K. J. G., Ortiz-Lazareno, P. C., Covantes-Rosales, C. E., Trujillo-Lepe, A. M., Toledo-Ibarra, G. A., Ventura-Ramón, G. H., & Girón-Pérez, M. I. (2019). Effect of diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, on signal transduction and death induction in mononuclear cells of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 89, 12–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.036

ElMazoudy, R. H., Attia, A. A., & AbdElGawad, H. S. (2011). Evaluation of developmental toxicity induced by anticholinesterase insecticide, diazinon in female rats. Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology, 92(6), 534–542. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/bdrb.20322

Fernández‐Casalderrey, A., Ferrando, M. D., & Andreu‐Moliner, E. (1995). Chronic toxicity of diazinon to daphnia magna: Effects on survival, reproduction and growth. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 49(1-2), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772249509358173

Ghasemzadeh, J., Sinaei, M., & Bolouki, M. (2015). Biochemical and Histological Changes in Fish, Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) Exposed to Diazinon. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 94(2), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-014-1454-8

Hill, E. F., Camardese, M. B., Heinz, G. H., Spann, J. W., & Debevec, A. B. (1984). Acute toxicity of diazinon is similar for eight stocks of bobwhite. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 3(1), 61–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620030108

https://www.epa.gov/comptox-tools/toxicity-estimation-software-tool-test. (2020). US Environmental Protection Agency, T.E.S.T. (version 5.1) (Toxicity Estimation Software Tool) User’s Guide. A Program to Estimate Toxicity from Molecular Structure, USEPA, Washington DC, 2020.

Ivanović, S. R., Dimitrijević, B., Ćupić, V., Jezdimirović, M., Borozan, S., Savić, M., & Savić, D. (2016). Downregulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor function in rats after subchronic exposure to diazinon. Toxicology Reports, 3, 523–530. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.06.002

Neishabouri, E. Z., Hassan, Z. M., Azizi, E., & Ostad, S. N. (2004). Evaluation of immunotoxicity induced by diazinon in C57bl/6 mice. Toxicology, 196(3), 173–179. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2003.08.012

Pham, T.-L., & Bui, H. M. (2018). Comparison of Diazinon Toxicity to Temperate and Tropical Freshwater Daphnia Species. Journal of Chemistry, 2018(1), 9217815. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9217815

Pirbeigi, A., Poorbagher, H., Eagderi, S., & Mirvaghefi, A. R. (2016). Pathological effects of sublethal diazinon on the blood, gill, liver and kidney of the freshwater fish Capoeta damascina. Chemistry and Ecology, 32(3), 270–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2015.1133614

Saha, S., Chandra Saha, N., Chatterjee, A., Banerjee, P., Garai, P., Sharma, P., Patnaik, L., Nayak, S., Dhara, K., Chukwuka, A. V., & Faggio, C. (2023). Integrated multi-biomarker responses in Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus under acute and chronic Diazinon® exposures. Chemistry and Ecology, 39(3), 235–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2023.2178649

Saha, S., Chukwuka, A. V., Mukherjee, D., Dhara, K., Adeogun, A. O., & Saha, N. C. (2022). Effects of short-term sub-lethal diazinon® exposure on behavioural patterns and respiratory function in Clarias batrachus: inferences for adaptive capacity in the wild. Chemistry and Ecology, 38(2), 180–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2022.2027924

Saha, S., Chukwuka, A. V., Mukherjee, D., Patnaik, L., Nayak, S., Dhara, K., Saha, N. C., & Faggio, C. (2021). Chronic Effects of Diazinon® Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, Clarias batrachus. Applied Sciences, 11(22), 10902.

Shah, M. D., & Iqbal, M. (2010). Diazinon-induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(12), 3345–3353. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.003

Tang, J., Wang, W., Jiang, Y., & Chu, W. (2021). Diazinon exposure produces histological damage, oxidative stress, immune disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Environmental Pollution, 269, 116129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116129

Ueyama, J., Wang, D., Kondo, T., Saito, I., Takagi, K., Takagi, K., Kamijima, M., Nakajima, T., Miyamoto, K.-I., Wakusawa, S., & Hasegawa, T. (2007). Toxicity of diazinon and its metabolites increases in diabetic rats. Toxicology Letters, 170(3), 229–237. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.03.010

Velki, M., Di Paolo, C., Nelles, J., Seiler, T.-B., & Hollert, H. (2017). Diuron and diazinon alter the behavior of zebrafish embryos and larvae in the absence of acute toxicity. Chemosphere, 180, 65–76. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.017

Yehia, M. A. H., El-Banna, S. G., & Okab, A. B. (2007). Diazinon toxicity affects histophysiological and biochemical parameters in rabbits. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 59(3), 215–225. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2007.09.003

Zainuddin, A. H., Wee, S. Y., & Aris, A. Z. (2020). Occurrence and potential risk of organophosphorus pesticides in urbanised Linggi River, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 42(11), 3703–3715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00604-4

Downloads

Published

2025-12-03

How to Cite

Turkten, N., Karatas, Y., Gurkan, Y. Y., & Kurumoglu, S. (2025). An In Silico Approach Study: The Predicted Toxicity Profile of Diazinon. International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches, 9(12), 180–185. Retrieved from https://as-proceeding.com/index.php/ijanser/article/view/2955

Issue

Section

Articles