Effects of Different Heat Treatment Conditions on Microstructure and Hardness of AISI 1040 and 5140 Steels
Abstract views: 55
/ 
PDF downloads: 39
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18153944Keywords:
AISI 1040, AISI 5140, Microstructure, Hardness, MicrocrackAbstract
In this study, the microstructure and hardness behavior of AISI 1040 and AISI 5140 steel
samples were investigated after heat treatment with austenitizing for different durations and cooling in
different environments. In the study, samples were austenitized at 850°C for 1 and 5 hours, and then
cooled in air, water, and ice water. Microstructure and hardness analyses were performed on the samples
after heat treatment. Ferrite and pearlite phases were observed in air-cooled samples, while martensite
phases were observed in water and ice water-cooled samples. The hardness of air-cooled samples was
lower than that of water-cooled samples, and also lower than that of ice water-cooled samples. Cracks
formed in water and ice water-cooled samples. The Cr element in the composition of AISI 5410 steel
increases hardenability and increases the martensite ratio formed. This directly contributes to the increase
in hardness. Consequently, it has been shown that achieving maximum hardness is not always desirable in
terms of mechanical properties, and that optimum values should be determined, taking into account the
risk of cracking.
Downloads
References
A. Mohammed, "Investigations of surface morphology and corrosion properties of AISI 1040 steel in different salts solutions," Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1881-1899, 2025.
M. Ö. Öteyaka, A. E. Arslan, and F. H. Çakir, "Wear and corrosion characterisation of AISI 1030, AISI 1040 and AISI 1050 steel coated with Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and Plasma Transfer Arc (PTA) methods," Sādhanā, vol. 46, no. 3, p. 134, 2021.
M. Kuntoğlu et al., "Parametric optimization for cutting forces and material removal rate in the turning of AISI 5140," Machines, vol. 9, no. 5, p. 90, 2021.
A. Ryabchikov et al., "High intensity, low ion energy implantation of nitrogen in AISI 5140 alloy steel," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 355, pp. 129-135, 2018.
N. J. Varpe and R. Tajane, "Wear Behavior and Surface Quality Analysis of AISI 1040 Steel after Burnishing Process," Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 992-1006, 2024.
N. Özsoy and M. Özsoy, "Optimization of Surface Roughness of AISI 1040 Stainless Steel in Milling Process Using Taguchi Method," Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 113-120, 2019.
K. Gao, X. Qin, Z. Wang, and S. Zhu, "Effect of spot continual induction hardening on the microstructure of steels: Comparison between AISI 1045 and 5140 steels," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 651, pp. 535-547, 2016.
A. Ç. Yalçın, F. Şen, B. Divleli, T. Küçükçolak, C. Menşan, and R. Binali, "Finish turning of AISI 5140 tempered steel to improve machinability for engineering applications: An experimental approach with dry cutting," Doğu Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-10, 2024.
M. Kuntoğlu et al., "A review of indirect tool condition monitoring systems and decision-making methods in turning: Critical analysis and trends," Sensors, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 108, 2020.
E. Salur, M. Kuntoğlu, A. Aslan, and D. Y. Pimenov, "The effects of MQL and dry environments on tool wear, cutting temperature, and power consumption during end milling of AISI 1040 steel," Metals, vol. 11, no. 11, p. 1674, 2021.
A.-S. Jain, H. Chang, X. Tang, B. Hinckley, and M.-X. Zhang, "Refinement of primary carbides in hypereutectic high-chromium cast irons: a review," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 999-1038, 2021.
G. Arici, M. Acarer, and M. Uyaner, "Effect of Co addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of new generation 3Cr-3W and 5Cr-3W steels," Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 974-989, 2021.
M. Erdem and F. Tumen, "Chromium removal from aqueous solution by the ferrite process," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 109, no. 1-3, pp. 71-77, 2004.
P. Jacques, Q. Furnemont, T. Pardoen, and F. Delannay, "On the role of martensitic transformation on damage and cracking resistance in TRIP-assisted multiphase steels," Acta materialia, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 139-152, 2001.
H. Bhadeshia, "Martensite and bainite in steels: transformation mechanism & mechanical properties," Le Journal de Physique IV, vol. 7, no. C5, pp. C5-367-C5-376, 1997.
J. Hu, C. Ma, X. Yang, H. Xu, N. Guo, and H. Yu, "Microstructure evolution during continuous cooling in AISI 5140 steel processed by induction heating chromizing," Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 5530-5537, 2017.
N. Sasaguri, K. Yamamoto, Y. Yokomizo, and Y. Matsubara, "Effect of Cr/C value on behavior of continuous cooling transformation in plain high chromium cast iron," MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 2537-2541, 2019.
K. Kishore, U. Kumar, N. Dinesh, and M. Adhikary, "Effect of soaking temperature on carbide precipitation, hardness, and wear resistance of high-chromium cast iron," Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 249-260, 2020.
