Implementation of Staged Excavation with Strut Wall Under Different Surcharge Load

Abstract

Deep excavations in urban areas require robust support systems to maintain stability and serviceability under varying surcharge loads. Staged excavation supported by strut walls is a widely used technique to control ground movements and wall deformations during construction. However, accurate prediction of excavation behavior remains challenging due to the complex soil–structure interaction and stress redistribution occurring at each excavation stage. In this study, the implementation of staged excavation with strut wall systems under different surcharge load conditions is investigated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). A numerical model is developed to simulate staged excavation sequences, strut installation, and surcharge loading. The FEM analyses focus on evaluating wall deformation, bending moments, strut axial forces, and overall excavation stability throughout the construction stages. Parametric studies are performed to examine the influence of surcharge magnitude and excavation depth on system performance. The results demonstrate that FEM provides a reliable and effective framework for capturing the nonlinear behavior of soil–structure interaction and for optimizing strut wall design parameters. The findings contribute to safer and more efficient design practices for staged excavations subjected to varying surcharge loads.