Secure Cold Chain Product Tracking Using IoT and Blockchain Network

Abstract

This research introduces a hybrid tracking system that utilizes Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology to secure and facilitate transparent logistics of critical goods like pharmaceuticals and perishable food items. The safety of products is compromised by traditional cold chain management., which involves central server failures and data manipulation. The proposed model uses DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors and GPS sensors to collect data that is processed with the assistance of an ESP32 microcontroller with the data being tracked on the Ethereum test network through smart contracts. In the case where the value of temperature exceeds the defined maximum (which is 4 degrees Celsius), the system will automatically generate a record of violation with the respective data being stored in the ledger of the blockchain on an irreversible basis. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the system could provide real-time monitoring and protection of data. This technical solution has the potential to reduce food wastage and provide full transparency in the logistics process.