Detection of genes and some biochemical variables that related to chronic diseases

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a widespread chronic disorder with several recognized forms, including type 1 (autoimmune), type 2 (polygenic, driven by genetic and environmental factors), gestational, and monogenic diabetes.

The aimed of this study is to identify genes associated with various diabetes types, evaluate key biochemical variables in diabetic patients compared to healthy controls, assess the renal impact of the disease, and survey related clinical factors.

The study analyzed blood samples from 40 male and female participants aged 23–40 years, divided equally into two cohorts:

Diabetic Group: 20 individuals (10 males, 10 females)

Healthy Control Group: 20 individuals (10 males, 10 females)

Results: Glucose: Blood glucose levels were significantly elevated in both male and female diabetic patients compared to controls, confirming hyperglycemia.

Urea: Female patients exhibited higher urea levels (20.3) than healthy females, whereas male patients showed lower levels (23) than healthy males; however, all values remained within normal clinical ranges.

Creatinine: Male patients had lower creatinine levels than healthy controls, while female patients had comparable levels across both groups and within normal limits.

Uric Acid: Uric acid levels showed no significant differences between diabetic patients and healthy controls and remained within reference ranges.

Body Mass Index (BMI): Male diabetic patients exhibited a higher BMI than healthy males, indicating overweight status as a prominent risk factor for type 2 diabetes.