International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches

Impacts Static Inverters on the Performance of UPFC Systems

Leila Boukarana — 2024-06-08

Recent developments in power grids have made it increasingly difficult to ensure reliable control of energy transfers in highly interconnected networks using traditional low-speed response devices such as phase shifters, shunt or series compensators. As a result, there have been recent studies on a new generation of 'FACTS' control devices that utilize new controllable components for both opening and closing. This article presents the contribution of the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to improve the control of active and reactive power transmission in an electrical network. The study focuses on increasing and controlling power flow, followed by the presentation of simulation results in the Matlab/Simulink environment.

Düşük Magnezyumlu 5xxx Serisi Alaşımlarda Manganın Termomekanik Proseslere Ve Nihai Ürüne Etkisi

Mustafa Akçil — 2024-06-27

Temel alaşım elementi magnezyum olan 5XXX serisi alaşımlar mükemmel korozyon dayanımı,
tokluk, kaynaklanabilirlik ve orta seviye mukavemet değerlerine sahiptir. Bu özelliklerinden yola çıkılarak
bina ve yapısal uygulamalarda, otomotiv uygulamalarında, kriyojenik ve deniz atmosferine maruz kalan
uygulamalarda da kullanım alanı bulabilmektedir.Genellikle çekme mukavemetleri 125-350 MPa
arasındadır. 5XXX serisi alaşımlar deformasyon ile sertleştirilebilirler ve genel olarak kaynaklanabilirlik
özellikleri iyidir. 5052, 5086 ve 5083 alaşımları daha yüksek magnezyum içeriğinden dolayı yüksek
mukavemet gerektiren yapısal uygulamalarda özellikle tercih edilen alaşımlardır. İkiz merdaneli döküm ile
üretilen alüminyum rulolar, haddeleme ve ısıl işlem süreçlerinden geçirilerek yarı mamul hale getirilir. Bu
yarı mamüller, ilgili kullanım alanlarına göre farklı proseslerden geçirilerek nihai ürün elde edilir. İkiz
merdaneli döküm ile üretilen Alüminyum alaşımların şekillendirilebilirlik özellikleri esaslı
gerçekleştirilmiş olan bu çalışma da, alaşım elementlerinin etkileri ve termo-mekanik prosesler
incelenmiştir.Döküm ile birlikte oluşan mikro ve makro yapısal özellikleri ve daha sonra uygulanan tav ve
haddeleme işlemleri, levhaların şekillendirilebilirliğine direk olarak etki etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ikiz
merdaneli döküm yöntemi ile üretilmiş 5XXX serisi ,Alüminyum levha numuneleri içerisinden farklı Mn
oranlarına sahip 2 adet malzeme seçilmiştir. EN standartı referans alınarak alt ve üst limitlerde farklı
Mangan oranlarının nihai malzemenin temel olarak şekillendirilebilirlik ve mukavemet özelliklerine etkisi
alternatif proses çalışmaları ile incelenmiştir.

Parasitically Coupled F-Shaped Microstrip Antenna for 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Applications

Yağız Haktan Gözkaman — 2024-06-27

This paper focuses on the design of a Wi-Fi antenna aimed at operating efficiently in the 2.4
GHz frequency band and the implementation of an impedance matching circuit integrated into it. The
impedance matching circuit was designed and integrated to operate the antenna, which does not operate at
the target frequency, at the target frequency. Coupling is carried out using a circuit called L matching,
which consists of a reactance and a susceptance element in the format jX and jB. AWR was used to design
the impedance matching circuit and check whether the required simulation results were achieved. The
antenna was designed in a simulation environment and then the designed matching circuit was integrated
into the numerical computation model of the proposed antenna. These tools played a critical role in the
paper in identifying and resolving issues with impedance matching and frequency alignment, ensuring the
antenna operated efficiently in the desired frequency range. The antenna performance has been significantly
increased, improving S11 parameter magnitude from 2.7dB to 30.1dB. The success of this study highlights
the importance of impedance matching in the development of high-performance antennas. By addressing
and overcoming initial challenges, the study not only achieved its primary goals but also provided valuable
information and methodologies that can be applied to future antenna designs. Integration of impedance
matching circuitry into Wi-Fi antenna design demonstrates the potential to improve the efficiency and
performance of wireless devices, making this research a valuable contribution to the field of
telecommunications.

Language, Culture, and Ecology: Investigating ECLA Levels at GraduateLevel Education

Vesna Prodanovska-Poposka — 2024-06-27

Ecological Critical Language Awareness (ECLA) is a concept that has recently been present
among higher education students and graduates, looking into the interconnectedness of language, culture,
and ecological knowledge. The study explores the level of ECLA among master's and PhD students
enrolled in the academic year 2023-24 at the Faculty of Biotechical Sciences, St. Kliment Ohridski
University- Bitola. N. Macedonia. According to the findings from a questionnaire verified in previous
research, the study investigates the ECLA levels, their relationship to linguistic dynamics, and the factors
influencing their development. The study's results are provided from data collected from 12 participants
and reveal varying ECLA levels, whereas exposure to cultural and linguistic experiences has been
identified, providing an overview of reflective practices and the educator's role as a critical factor.

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Algorithms: A Review

Muhammad Umer Karimi — 2024-06-27

This paper provides an extensive overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning
(ML) algorithms and their interdisciplinary nature to revolutionize any field, discussing their evolution,
fundamentals, applications, and challenges. AI and ML technologies have revolutionized various industries,
driving innovation and efficiency across various domains. This paper explores the multidisciplinary nature
of AI and ML, emphasizing their significance in analyzing large datasets, making predictions, and
automating decision-making processes. It traces the historical milestones of AI, from Alan Turing's
pioneering work to the rise of deep learning and neural networks. The fundamentals of ML algorithms,
including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, are explained along with their practical
applications in healthcare, finance, engineering, transportation, and e-commerce. Moreover, this paper
addresses key challenges that are faced by AI and ML technologies, such as uncertainty, algorithm selection
complexity, and overfitting, highlighting the importance of ongoing research and interdisciplinary
collaboration in addressing these challenges. The ultimate goal of this paper is to reinforce the paradigm
altering potential of AI and ML technologies in shaping the future of intelligent AI and ML driven systems
and smart societies.

Sel Durumları Üzerine Bir Oyun Teorisi Modeli

Medine Demir — 2024-06-27

Afetler insanların canlarını ve mallarını yok eden, hayatta kalmayı başaran insanlara da büyük
acılar yaşatan felaketlerdir. Afetlerin verdiği zararları en aza indirebilmek için afetlere daima hazırlıklı
olmak gerekmektedir. Ayrıca afet anlarında ve sonrasında hızlı müdahale insan hayatını kurtarmada son
derece önemlidir. Ülkemiz, doğal afetlerin yoğun olarak yaşandığı bir ülkedir. Bu nedenle ülkemizde,
önceki dönemlerde yaşanan acı deneyimlerin gelecekte de yaşanmaması için çalışmalar yapılmaktadır.
Ülkemizde afet kelimesi ile akla ilk gelen deprem olmaktadır. Ancak afet kavramı ülkemizin her
bölgesinde farklı şekilde kendini göstermektedir. Afetler kimi bölgelerde deprem, kimi bölgelerde yangın,
kimi bölgelerde ise sel olarak gerçekleşmektedir. Dolayısıyla alınacak önlemler de bölgesel olarak
farklılık göstermektedir. Biz de bu çalışmamızda ülkemizde yaşanan bir sel felaketiyle ilgileneceğiz. Sel,
dünyanın her yerinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de kolayca afete dönüşerek büyük miktarda can ve mal
kaybına neden olabilen bir doğal felakettir. Selin oluşumu, büyüklüğü ve verdiği zararların boyutu,
önemli ölçüde selin gerçekleştiği bölgenin meteorolojik, jeolojik, biyolojik özellikleri ve insanların çeşitli
etkinlikleriyle doğrudan ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada Kastamonu ilinde meydana gelen bir sel felaketi örnek
olarak alınmıştır. Sel sonucu insanlar hayatını kaybetmiş, ulaşımda aksamalar yaşanmış, konutlar hasar
görmüştür. Bizim de amacımız, gelecekte bölgede tekrar bir sel felaketi yaşanması durumunda, insanların
selden etkilenmesini en aza indirmek için bölgeye yakın ve sel felaketinden etkilenmeyecek iki farklı
toplanma bölgesi seçmektir. Bu iki bölgeye insanların tahliyesini en kısa mesafeden gerçekleştirmek için
kooperatif oyun teorisinin bir dalı olan orman durumları kullanılarak hesaplamalar yapılmıştır.
Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, oyun teorisi yaklaşımıyla Kastamonu ilimize farklı bir perspektiften yeni bir
bakış açısı getirecektir.

Photogrammetry Through the Luma AI Application and the Possibilities of its Use in Education

Gergely Kocsis — 2024-06-27

This document presents and analyses the user experience and functionality of the Luma AI
application, with a specific focus on its photogrammetry capabilities. The application is accessible across
multiple platforms including the Apple App Store, Google Play, and it has a website as well. Through the
procedure of object scanning using common devices available to everyone - like an iPad or a cell phone,
the document provides a detailed walkthrough of the scanning process, guiding the reader step-by-step
through a real-world scanning scenario.
By analyzing the challenges and limitations encountered during the scanning and rendering procedure, the
document offers critical insights into the efficiency and usability of Luma AI. From the firsthand experience
gained during scanning sessions, this document identifies potential areas for improvement and highlights
any inherent drawbacks in the application's functionality.
Furthermore, the document explores the educational implications of Luma AI's capabilities. By leveraging
its photogrammetry features powered by AI, the application presents interesting possibilities for integration
into educational settings, like constructing interactive learning experiences to enable virtual object
exploration. The potential of Luma AI in education is examined and discussed in detail.
Through a combination of practical experimentation and theoretical analysis, this document provides a
comprehensive overview of Luma AI's capabilities focused on photogrammetry, showcasing its potential
as a tool for object scanning and as an asset in education as well.

Unlocking the Power of Artificial Intelligence: Building Digital Twins with Classification Algorithms for Optimized Geothermal Drilling

Orkun TEKE — 2024-06-27

Geothermal energy has emerged as a promising renewable energy source due to its
sustainability for long-term power generation. Effective drilling practices are crucial for the successful
utilization of geothermal resources, as they directly impact the productivity and operational efficiency of
geothermal systems. However, optimizing drilling operations in the geothermal sector presents unique
challenges due to the complex subsurface conditions and the need for continuous monitoring and
optimization. In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has shown great
promise in improving various industrial processes. The energy sector, including geothermal energy, has
started leveraging AI techniques to enhance operational efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize
environmental impacts. Among the diverse AI methods, machine learning algorithms have gained
significant attention for their ability to analyze large datasets, extract patterns, and generate predictive
models. This paper focused on the potential benefits and challenges of utilizing AI, particularly the
classification algorithms, in the context of geothermal drilling. Such as Extreme Gradient Boosting
Machine (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) are a powerful machine learning
algorithms known for its effectiveness in handling structured datasets and achieving high predictive
accuracy.

A Review of AI-Based Approaches against Wormhole and Blackhole Attacks in AODV Protocol

Zainab Bashar Ibrahim — 2024-06-27

A Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) is a wirelessly linked network of one or more devices that
can configure itself. In a MANET, nodes can exchange data with one another directly or indirectly (via
intermediary nodes). Because of the lack of central administration, open media, and several other reasons
that make this type of network more vulnerable to security assaults, some researchers are utilizing artificial
intelligence approaches in MANET routing to offer security. Several network layer attacks, including the
black hole, and wormhole assaults, are covered in this essay. The detection of collaborative network assaults
is examined, and frequent multiple network attacks are noted. A few of these assaults' symptoms will be
emphasized. A network might exhibit a number of signs and observations that indicate the existence of an
attack. The review calls for continued research to refine and deploy AI-based security mechanisms in realworld scenarios, addressing scalability concerns and advancing the vision of self-defending MANETs and
wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The review serves as a resource for researchers, practitioners, and
policymakers interested in fortifying the security of dynamic wireless networks.

Promoting Energy Efficiency and Sustainability in High-Rise Buildings: A Critical Review

Emaan Ishaq — 2024-06-27

High-rise buildings are essential for addressing land shortages in urban areas and recognize as
key to the future of smart cities. However, they consume significant energy for lighting, air conditioning
and electrical appliances contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Efficient energy
use in pre-designed high-rise buildings is crucial for sustainable urban growth. This study explores
strategies to enhance energy efficiency in high-rise buildings focusing on advanced technologies and
innovative measures. Upgrading the building envelope, particularly improving its thermal properties is a
key strategy for better energy efficiency. Efficient high-rise engineering emphasizes passive strategies,
natural ventilation and energy saving methods to reduce energy consumption and promote environmental
sustainability. Incorporating modern insulation, green technologies and innovative features like smart
energy glass windows, recuperators, solar panels, passive solar shades, active double-curtain walls,
daylighting and natural ventilation can significantly reduce energy use and boost sustainability. Structural
insulated panels (SIPs) are prefabricated parts that enable faster construction, better strength, improved
energy and sound efficiency. Regulations like the Energy Conservation Act and the Energy Conservation
Building Code aim to promote energy efficient building construction. By adopting tailored energy saving
methods suitable for different climates and leveraging advanced technologies, high-rise buildings can
pursue more sustainable energy practices and aid global greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts.

Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Existing High-Rise Buildings: A Comprehensive Review

Emaan Ishaq — 2024-06-27

The energy crisis stemming from insufficient infrastructure, reliance on non-renewable sources,
inefficient policies, population growth and urbanization has led to a persistent shortage of electricity.
Buildings, particularly high-rise structures consume nearly half of the total energy largely due to airconditioning, lighting and elevators. Improving the energy efficiency of existing high-rise buildings is
crucial for combating climate change, reducing harmful emissions and promoting sustainability. Energy
efficient buildings also enhance indoor comfort and health. With the increasing reliance on energy resources
and the depletion of deposits finding better ways to make buildings more energy efficient is imperative.
Challenges in achieving energy efficiency in high-rise buildings include their complexity, diverse uses and
limited space for renewable energy systems. Basic building methods such as orientation and natural
ventilation along with advanced heating, cooling and lighting systems are essential for smart energy use.
Retrofitting of existing buildings with energy saving technology is crucial for reducing energy
consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring long-term sustainability while adhering to regulations
and environmental standards. The use of tools like building information modelling (BIM) can aid in
designing energy efficient buildings. Architects and engineers are focusing on various methods to save
energy in tall buildings such as optimizing cooling and heating systems. The building envelope, particularly
windows plays a significant role in regulating temperature and energy usage. Upgrading buildings with
improved window systems can substantially reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions. As energy
resources dwindle and the desire for comfortable living persists, it is essential to prioritize energy efficiency
in high-rise buildings.

Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) in Construction; Energy Efficiency, Seismic Performance and Sustainability: A Review

Emaan Ishaq — 2024-06-27

The construction industry faces significant challenges related to energy dependency, outdated
technologies and slow adoption of energy saving measures. In response, there has been a surge in
technological advancements including the development of structural insulated panels (SIPs). Structural
insulated panels (SIPs) are gaining popularity in the construction industry as an innovative solution to
address energy conservation, environmental concerns and lifecycle costs. SIPs consist of a foam plastic
insulation core sandwiched between two structural panel facings, offering superior insulation properties,
airtightness, improved thermal comfort, lower lifecycle costs and ability to reduce energy consumption
which contribute to overall energy savings. The use of SIPs addresses the global challenge of energy
conservation in buildings which consume over 85% of energy resources. Additionally, SIPs provide
enhanced seismic performance due to their stiffness and specially designed connections making them
effective in resisting lateral forces during seismic events. As energy prices rise and global carbon dioxide
emissions remain a concern, the market for SIPs is expected to grow, driven by their ability to meet
stringent building regulations and contribute to the construction of energy efficient buildings. The
adoption of SIPs in the construction industry presents significant opportunities for sustainable and energy
efficient buildings contributing to the reduction of global carbon dioxide emissions and promoting
occupant well-being in the face of rising global temperatures and urban heat effects.

Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Bar Diameter on Bond Stress-Slip Behavior in ABAQUS

Sana Shaukat — 2024-06-27

This paper presents a numerical analysis on the effect of changing the rebar diameter on bond
stress-slip mechanism in reinforced concrete specimen. The aim is to develop a validated FEM model in
ABAQUS and to observe the effect of different diameters (10mm,12mm, and 16mm) through it. There are
many studies which show contradictory results in case of increasing the bar diameter as according to some
researchers, increase in bar diameter increased the bond strength as it can bear higher forces meanwhile
other suggested that higher the bar diameter, lesser will be the interlocking with the concrete surface. The
results presented in this paper show that with an increase in the bar diameter the bond strength values
decreased. Moreover, 10mm and 12mm rebars showed a pull-out failure meanwhile 16mm rebar showed a
splitting behavior. The Contact Cohesive Behavior (CCB) technique, which replicates the bond stress-slip
behavior in reinforced concrete, is used to study the concrete-rebar interface. Furthermore, the Concrete
Damaged Plasticity Model (CDPM) is used to model the nonlinear behavior of concrete. The method used
to model the ribbed rebar interface doesn’t involve modeling the rebar’s ribs, but another method is utilized
which is to model a plain bar specimen which is connected to the concrete by elements with specific
properties to simulate the bond interface efficiently. The FEA models adequately represent the pull-out test
simulations which are later compared to results of experimental results of pull-out tests from another
research to prove the validity of the numerical simulations.

Thermal and Mechanical Characterizations of Improved Polyimide Insulation for High voltage Applications

Abdur Rahman — 2024-06-27

Insulation failures linked to poor thermal stability and less tensile strength have drawn in power
transformers, power cables, aerospace industries and electrical and electronic circuits. The concerns have
developed regarding the thermal stability, mechanical breakdown strength and the safety of polyimide
insulations(PI) in electrical high voltage engineering. Several polyimide composites are selected for
evaluation in the laboratory tests. The selected composites of polyimides are made in the laboratory through a
roll ball milling process. Thermos-gravimetric analysis(TGA) and Tensile strength tests is performed by
using a universal testing machine (UTM) in accordance with American society for testing and materials
(ASTM D412). In this study these tests are performed in the high voltage laboratory at NUST University in
Islamabad.

Effects of Rotational Speed/Traverse Speed Ratio on AA2024 Alloy Microstructure and Macrostructure in Friction Stir Processing

Aykut Batinli — 2024-06-27

In this study, the effects of rotational speed/traverse speed on microhardness, macrostructure
and microstructure of AA2024 material subjected to friction stir processing were examined. The
experimental approach involves drilling the samples, filling them with SiC particles, and changing FSP
process parameters such as rotational speed and traverse speed in a controlled manner. The processed
samples were then subjected to macrostructural and microstructural examinations, as well as Vickers
microhardness tests. The highest microhardness value was observed as 120 HV for 33.33 rotational
speed/traverse speed ratio. The macrostructural analysis and microhardness analysis showed that the ratio
does not have effect on the stir zone widths. Microstructural analysis demonstrated variations in the size
and distribution of SiC particles, indicating potential influences of the FSP process and the rotational
speed/traverse speed ratio on the microstructural characteristics of the processed material. It showed that as
the W/V ratio increases the homogeneity of the particle distribution decreases. These findings highlight the
importance of considering the W/V ratio in FSP and the need for further research to fully understand its
potential effects on the microstructural and macrostructural properties of processed materials. This study
provides valuable information on the friction stir processing of AA2024 alloy, which has important
applications in materials engineering and manufacturing industries.

Make Science Visible through Numerical Methods in Computer Graphics. Water Wave Equation through Graphical Bezier Solution

Alma Sheko — 2024-06-27

This article shows how computer graphics can be used to visualize science concepts and
operationalize inquiry practices in engineering design to support integrated learning and teaching of science
and engineering. The main results of the study demonstrate the importance of numerical methods in
computer graphics, particularly in terms of their ability to generate smooth curves, detailed surfaces, and
realistic transformations. This article provides real-world examples in the field of sustainable energy
engineering based on open-source design and analysis Web app. Simulations were performed to showcase
the capabilities of numerical methods. The graphics results obtained highlighted the strengths and
limitations of each technique, providing valuable insights for practitioners and researchers. Additionally,
the article discusses code simulations for B-spline curves, surface subdivision, and interpolation, providing
practical examples for implementation.
The findings of this study can be useful for researchers, practitioners, and students seeking to develop their
understanding and implementation of numerical methods in computer graphics. Based on these graphical
capabilities, generative design driven by evolutionary computation can also be visually illustrated to give
students a glimpse into how artificial intelligence is transforming engineering design.

Discrete fractional numerical analysis on the shallow water wave theory

Shkelqim Hajrulla — 2024-06-27

In order to address the wave height distribution in any region, from deep ocean to shallow water,
coastal engineering, electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering, and acoustics, this study introduces
numerical methods to tackle a variety of problems in wave theory. At that point, numerical analysis and
techniques become useful in assisting us in obtaining the most accurate approximation possible for our
barrier.
The core formulas of our numerical analysis technique are the linearized wave equations with unknown
functions only at the water surface, like the particle velocity components and the elevation of the water
surface, which are derived from the Eulerian equations of motion and continuity assuming small amplitude
in constant water depth.
We quantify the accuracy of discretization solution techniques such as finite difference or finite elements
schemes in powers of a discretization step size h. The Nemerov system is useful. A method with p > 2 is
typically referred to as a higher order method, and one with error O (h
p
) is said to be of order p.

Structural Engineering Applications Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Review

Sardar Muhammad Abubakar — 2024-06-27

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing civil engineering, particularly in the fields of
structural design and analysis. This review paper explores the application of AI methodologies, including
machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), in enhancing Civil Engineering practices. The study
highlights how AI can address complex challenges such as structural health monitoring, structural analysis,
design optimization and modelling of design. Through a systematic review of literature, empirical studies,
and practical predictive modeling, the paper emphasizes the potential of AI to improve decision-making
processes, optimize structural analysis and design predictions, and innovate traditional engineering
practices. It also discusses the interdisciplinary nature of AI, drawing on computer science, engineering,
and mathematics, while acknowledging challenges related to data quality, model accuracy, and
computational efficiency. The findings underscore the need for continued research and development to fully
harness AI's capabilities for the benefit of the civil engineering community and society at large.

Affirmative action perspective through the strategy of workplace to overcome systemic barriers

Gledia Hajrulla — 2024-06-27

This article seeks to explore the various facets of affirmative action with an emphasis on its role
in fostering workplace diversity. By offering a comprehensive account enriched with historical context, an
outline of arguments, and illustrative examples, we invite an informed reflection on the nuances of
affirmative action within modern society. The primary intention of affirmative action is to offset the effects
of past discrimination and to create a level playing field for those who have been disadvantaged by historic
injustices. At its core, affirmative action is intended to create an environment of fairness. The goal of
affirmative action is to provide equal access to education, employment, and other opportunities to people
who have been traditionally excluded. It is a set of initiatives, including programs, and procedures, that are
designed to promote access to education, employment, and business opportunities for people historically
excluded and underrepresented groups.

Feedback Control over Response in the Cavity Quantum Electromagnetic Sensor

Sergey Borisenok — 2024-06-27

Here we discuss as an important particular case the hybrid quantum electromagnetic sensor
represented by a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) ensemble of N >> 1 centers in the doped diamond coupled to a
high-quality factor dielectric resonator. The existing NV ensemble-based devices exhibit sensitivities that
are several orders of magnitude away from theoretical limits. On the one hand, improvements in spin
dephasing time, readout accuracy, and properties of the base diamond material can significantly improve
the quality of operation of a quantum sensor. On the other hand, sensing optimization schemes also
significantly affect its performance. We focus on the application of feedback to control the response in the
cavity quantum electromagnetic sensor. We use the standard Tavis-Cummings model for the system and
then introduce control over the target attractor method. In this model they are considered to be noninteracting two-level systems with transition frequencies wj, distributed inhomogeneously due to
heterogeneous local magnetic and strain environments as well as hyperfine coupling with 14N nuclear
spins. We adopted an operator form of closed-loop algorithm to the semi-classical Tavis-Cummings
model in its ‘weak microwave drive’ limit. We used here target attractor Kolesnikov’s formulation of
feedback to track the sensor response r or, alternatively, the reflected signal to the input drive field. In
both cases, we achieve the tracking goal in the exponentially fast convergence.

DIGITAL PRACTICES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

Daniela PELIVANOSKA DAMESKA — 2024-06-27

The concept of good agricultural practice has developed due to rapid changes and globalization
in agriculture and the food industry. These changes occur as a result of the responsibility and work for the
production of healthy and safe food, as well as the implementation of stable and safe sustainable agriculture,
taking care to preserve the environment. The practices that are related to the quality of the soil include the
maintenance and improvement of its organic ingredients, with the application of appropriate crop rotation
and the application of the digital revolution. The digital revolution in agriculture represents the
transformation of standard agriculture into digital agriculture through the installation and implementation
of digital machines, sensors, systems, application of information and communication technologies. One of
the most used technologies in the agricultural industry is the use of the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet
of Things (IoT) enables the automatic monitoring, control and management of devices that contain
hardware, software and sensors, which can be controlled remotely using a smart device, and the data
obtained from input devices such as sensors can be are recorded in a database for further processing,
selection and generation of reports. By applying IoT, a sufficient level of protection of natural resources
from pollution and damage is enabled, which, in addition to soil, includes water and air as resources, which
will contribute to the reduction of global warming.

Modelling of two well-known SPD methods (ECAP and MDF) and comparison with a numerical analysis method.

Seher KAPLAN — 2024-06-27

In this study, two Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) methods, which significantly improve the
mechanical properties of materials by causing significant improvements in the microstructure of materials,
are comparatively analyzed. The study compares the most well-known and commonly used Equal Channel
Angular Pressing (ECAP) and Multi-Directional Forging (MDF) methods. Both methods have significant
advantages and disadvantages in terms of application and their effects on the material. In this study, which
is a finite element analysis (FEA) study, both methods will be modelled and numerically analyzed, and the
results will be examined comparatively. Therefore, the necessary application forces and changes in material
strain values will be compared for both methods.

Importance of meat packing

Darko Veljanovski — 2024-06-27

The meat industry is an important sector of the food industry in the world and is in first place
among several ranked agricultural and livestock products such as milk, wheat, corn, rice, but the industry
in the Republic of North Macedonia is not so developed due to economic conditions. Both animal husbandry
and meat production in the industry have a great socio-economic importance in the country. Apart from the
production of meat and meat products, storage is also important, and above all of permanent and semipermanent meat products.
The meat and meat processing industry is constantly growing, but the production is not for that
industry, indeed the meat habits, lifestyles of the population are changing, quality awareness and changing
food habits and hence there is a market for scientifically produced meat products. There is also a demand
for processed, packaged and ready-to-eat or ready-to-serve meat products that require minimal preparation.
Meat and meat products are classified as fresh meat, frozen meat, dry meat, thermally processed meat and
dehydrated meat products. Packaging requirements may vary in terms of the requirements that packaging
must meet for the product itself. In any case, fresh, frozen or dehydrated meat cannot and must not be kept
in the same way, much less be kept and stored in the same conditions. Each product must be stored
according to the conditions of protection.

Importance of Information and Network Security: Evaluation within the Scope of Business

Ayşenur ERDİL — 2024-06-27

From past to present, security has played an important role in every aspect of life. With the rapid
development of computer technology, different problems and solutions have emerged in the field of
security. Previously, organizations and companies only had their own local networks, but due to the need
for communication between these organizations, networks have expanded further and security has become
very important in parallel. Security has emerged to prevent external attacks or damages caused by user
errors on these computer networks, wired, wireless networks and the internet used by organizations.
Wireless networks provide significant advantages thanks to various benefits such as easy use and flexibility.
However, they also have several disadvantages compared to a wired network. Security risks are at the top
of these disadvantages. In order to ensure that the security of this network, which emerges entirely from the
requirements, is provided correctly, it is necessary to evaluate, analyze and analyze the information security
risks of network policies. This analysis and evaluation is done according to certain criteria. Accordingly,
in this research, in the light of these criteria, evaluations, network security policies, determination and
analysis of information security risks related to security policies are included in the direction of providing
network security for businesses and institution

Optical and Electrical Properties of NiO Thin Films Deposited by DC Sputtering Technique

İlker Fatih GÜNGÖR — 2024-06-28

In this study, Nickel Oxide (NiO) thin films were deposited on silicon and glass substrates
with different thicknesses by parameter optimization using the direct current (DC) sputtering technique.
The deposited NiO thin films were annealed for 30 min at different temperatures ranging from 30C to
330C. After annealing, the optical and electrical properties of NiO thin films were examined.
Characterizations were mainly carried out by ultraviolet–visible (UV/Vis) Spectrometer and four-point
probe (FPP) measurements. The minimum surface reflectance of 50 nm NiO film coated silicon substrate,
annealed at 135C for 30 min was 2.0% (at 550 nm) and the average surface reflectance was measured as
10.21% on the sample with 20 nm NiO thin film on the surface, annealed at 30C. In case of FFP
measurements, the minimum resistivity was measured as 0.01 ohmm when the thickness of NiO was 10 nm
and annealed at 30C. The maximum resistivity was observed as 4.19 ohmm on the 70 nm of NiO coated
glass and annealed at 330C for 30 min.

Frekans Analizi Yöntemi ile Ses Sistemi ve Akort Sorununa Yenilikçi Bir Çözüm Önerisinin Türk Halk Müziği’ne Uyarlanması

Tunahan Balli — 2024-06-28

Bu çalışmada, Türk Halk Müziği’nde sıkça araştırma konusu olan ses sistemi ve akort sorununun,
günümüz teknolojik imkânları kullanılarak çözüme kavuşturulmasına yönelik bir yol haritası
oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle konunun tarihsel süreçleri kısaca ele alınmış, ardından
alanda yapılacak çalışmalara kaynak teşkil etmesi açısından yazılım temelli bir yöntem önerilmiştir.
Günümüzde Türk Müziği ses sitemlerinde; tambur, ney, bağlama gibi çalgılardaki perde düzeni veya
ahenk anlayışı temel alınmakta, bu durum ise müziğin yazılı ifadesi başta olmak üzere akort, entonasyon
ve müzik iletişimi gibi konuların araştırılmasında problem yaratmaktadır. Ancak bu durum, müziğin
yazılı ifadesi başta olmak üzere akort, entonasyon ve müzik iletişimi gibi konuların araştırılmasında
sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Çalgı temelli ses sistemleri, zamanla çalgıların yapısında yaşanabilecek
değişiklikler nedeniyle kullanışsız hale gelebilir veya teori ile icra arasında uyuşmazlıklara neden olabilir.
Araştırmamızda, herhangi bir çalgıyı temel almadan, Halk Müziği’ni ifade eden ve müzik folklorunun bir
gereği olarak mümkün mertebe edisyon icra kayıtları kullanılmıştır. İcra kayıtlarındaki frekansların sıklığı
ve yüksekliği üzerinden yapılan analizlerle bazı temel çıkarımlar yapmak mümkün olmuştur. Bu
çıkarımlar üzerinden, çalışmanın örneklemine dahil edilen ezgi için teorik saptamalar yapmak mümkün
olmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Türk Halk Müziği’nde akort sorunlarının çözümüne yönelik teknolojik
ve metodolojik yaklaşımlar sunarak, müziğin doğru ve tutarlı bir şekilde icra edilmesine katkıda
bulunulmasına ve bu sayede, Türk Halk Müziği’nin zengin kültürel mirasının gelecek nesillere doğru bir
şekilde aktarılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.

Enhancing Sunflower Productivity Through Folıar Application of Thiourea

Esha Yaseen — 2024-06-28

Pakistan is sternly deficit in edible oil production. Sunflower is an oilseed crop, which
contains 36-50 % oil content. By using nutrients with different combinations, its growth, yield and oil
percentage can be increased. Sulphur is more important to boost oil production in oilseed crops. Thiourea
contains four elements including Sulphur (42.11%), Nitrogen (36.81%), Hydrogen (5.31%) and carbon
(15.77%). To determine the impact of thiourea application on sunflower cultivated under rain fed
conditions, the current study was executed at University Research Farm of PMAS Arid Agriculture
University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) with 3 replications. There was one control and three treatments of thiourea including 5 m mol,
15 m mol and 25 m mol. The study parameters included were plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), stem
girth (cm), achenes per head and oil yield. After 4 weeks of thiourea application, plant height was
observed the highest of 80.14 cm in plants treated with thiourea when applied @ 25mmol that was
statistically higher to other application rates of 5 and 15 mmol and also the control. After 8 weeks of
thiourea application, plant height was observed the highest of 150.42 cm in plants treated with thiourea
when applied @ 25mmol that was statistically similar to its application rates of 5 and 15 mmol but
significantly different from that of the control. After 4 weeks of thiourea application, head diameter with
the maximum of 22.75 cm in plants treated with thiourea with its application of 25 mmol that was
statistically different to all other application rates and the control. After 8 weeks of thiourea application,
head diameter was recorded the highest of 47.10 cm in plants treated with thiourea with its application of
25 mmol that was statistically similar to its application of 15 mmol but significantly higher to other
application rate of 5 mmol and also the control. Stem girth observed the highest of 9.45 cm in plants
treated with thiourea when applied @ 25mmol that was statistically higher to other application rates of 5
and 15 mmol and also the control. The maximum achenes of 1089.28 per head were recorded in plants
treated with thiourea with its application rate of 25 mmol that was statistically similar to those plants
treated with application rate of 15 mmol but significantly different from those treated with application
rate of 5 mmol. The oil content of sunflower was recorded the highest of 40.79 % in plants treated with
thiourea with its application of 25 mmol that was statistically different and higher to its application of 15
mmol and 5 mmol and also the control..

Non-invasive Methods for Diagnosing Jaundice in Newborns: A Review

Banan K. Abdulkader — 2024-06-28

Neonatal jaundice, characterized by the manifestation of yellowing in the skin and eyes as a
result of augmented levels of bilirubin, presents a substantial peril to the well-being and duration of life in
neonates, conceivably influencing their comprehensive health and longevity. Its early onset, typically
within the initial days, demands prompt attention, especially when it arises physiologically on the second
or third day. Elevated bilirubin, stemming from red blood cell breakdown, presents a challenge for
newborns as they struggle to naturally eliminate this pigment. Left untreated, jaundice can lead to severe
outcomes like kernicterus, causing irreversible brain damage due to heightened bilirubin levels. This study
aims to comprehensively assess various non-invasive frameworks for identifying neonatal jaundice. The
review scrutinizes innovative, non-invasive approaches, comparing methods based on clinical data to
predict serum bilirubin levels. Challenges in using machine learning for jaundice detection are also
highlighted. Non-invasive methods have shown remarkable success across diagnostic, supportive, research,
and clinical domains in managing neonatal jaundice. This ongoing exploration sets the stage for improved
neonatal care, underscoring the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention to prevent enduring
neurological damage resulting from acute bilirubin encephalopathy. The conclusions drawn from this
research hold great importance, as they emphasize the possibility of non-invasive methods to revolutionize
neonatal healthcare, guaranteeing a safer and more efficient approach to monitoring and treating jaundice
in infants.

Çok Fazlı Akış Analizi İçin Türbülans Modeli ve Analiz Parametreleri Seçimi

Özgür İMRE — 2024-06-28

Çok fazlı akış problemleri son derece maliyeti yüksek, analizi zor problemlerdir ve uygun modelin
seçilmesi için karşılaştırma çalışması tam gelişmiş akışlar için zor olacaktır. Analizlerin belirlenen akış
süresini en kısa gerçek zamanda ve incelenmek istenen parametreleri en doğru olacak şekilde çözmesini
sağlamak için uygun türbülans modellerinin uygun parametreleri ile seçilmiş olması gerekmektedir. Bu
karşılaştırma özellikle güncel çalışma gibi adaptif mesh üzerinden yürütülüyorsa parametre ve modellerin
seçimi daha da önemli bir hal almaktadır. Çalışma çapraz akış etkisi altında jet akışının ayrılması ve sprey
olarak modellenebilmesi problemi üzerine kurulduğu için seçilen modeller kε-Standart, kε-Realizable, kωStandart, kω-SST ve kω-SST LES Blended olmak üzere 5 tanedir. Bütün modeller yaklaşık 2 saatlik bir
zaman için çözdürülüp değerlendirme bu aralık üzerinden yapılmıştır. Karşılaştırmalar için ANSYS
FLUENT programı, adaptif çözüm ağı ve adaptif zaman adımlaması ile birlikte kullanılmıştır. Çok fazlı
akış modeli olarak zamana bağlı VOF modeli kullanılmış ve çözümler arasındaki farklar verilmiştir.
Karşılaştırma için kullanılan parametreler ise, iki saatlik simülasyonda ulaşılan maksimum akış zamanı, bir
zaman adımı içerindeki maksimum iterasyon sayısı, bir zaman adımı içerisinde geçirilen maksimum gerçek
zaman değeri, iki saatin sonunda ulaşılan maksimum hücre sayısı, program tarafından tanımlanan ortalama
fiziksel zaman (dt) ve ortalama Courant sayısı değerleridir. Karşılaştırmalar hem iki saatlik koşular için
hem de belirli bir akış zamanına ulaşan modeller için yapılmış olup en uygun modelin kw-SST LES
Blended modeli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Mobilya Sektöründe İnovasyon ve Akıllı Mobilya

Mehmet ÇOLAK — 2024-06-28

Akıllı mobilya, teknoloji ile birleştirilerek kullanıcılara daha konforlu, pratik ve işlevsel bir yaşam
deneyimi sunan mobilya çeşitleridir. Mobilyada inovasyon ve akıllı mobilya insanların hayatlarını
kolaylaştırabilmek için yapılmış ve yapılmaya devam edilmektedir. Teknoloji ve yapay zekanın bir araya
gelmesiyle insanoğlunun yaşamını olumlu anlamda ilerletmeye ve kolaylaştırmaya çalışmıştır.
Olabildiğince çevreye minimum zararı olan, çevre dostu mobilyalar yapılarak ekolojiye zararı minimuma
indirilmeye çalışılmakta ve buna yönelik yatırımlar giderek artmaktadır.
Mobilyada minimalist tasarımlar, etkileyici ve kullanıcı dostu deneyimler sunarak markaların daha güçlü
bir şekilde iletişim kurmasını sağlamaktadır. Akıllı mobilya tasarımında minimalist yaklaşımlar giderek
dikkat çeken bir trend haline gelerek modern ve profesyonel bir imaj oluşturabilecek olmasıdır. Bu
çalışmayla akıllı mobilyaların ne olduğunu, nasıl çalıştığını, avantajlarını ve dezavantajlarını ele alarak
gelecekteki akıllı mobilya trendleri konusunda değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.

Alüminyum İlavesinin Çift Esaslı Roket Yakıtlarına Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Mustafa AKÇİL — 2024-06-28

Bu çalışmada, polimer matrisli çift esaslı bir katı yakıt karışımına farklı oranlarda düzlemsel
(flake) (%0,2-1,4) ve küresel tip (%1-12) alüminyum tozu eklenerek katı yakıt özelliklerine etkileri
araştırılmıştır. Alüminyum tozları, haddeleme işleminden önce karışıma eklenmiş, haddeleme sonucunda
2 mm kalınlığında levhalar üretilmiş ve deney numuneleri bu levhalardan alınmıştır. Farklı oranlarda
alüminyum tozu içeren karışımların yanma hızı, yanma ısısı, mekanik özellikleri, ağırlık kaybı, sertlik ve
yoğunluklarındaki değişimler incelenmiştir. Hem flake hem de küresel tip alüminyum tozu ilavesiyle çift
esaslı katı yakıt karışımlarının lineer yanma hızının azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Metalik katkılar içeren
karışımlarda mevcut oksijen miktarı tüm elementlerin yanması için yeterli değildir, ancak yanma odası
basıncı arttıkça lineer yanma hızı artar. Metalik katkıların tane inceliği ve oranı arttıkça lineer yanma hızı
da artmaktadır. Oksitleyici tane boyutu küçüldükçe ve oksitleyici oranı arttıkça lineer yanma hızı artar.
Flake ve küresel tip alüminyum tozu miktarı arttıkça yanma ısıları da artar. %12 küresel tip alüminyum
tozu içeren karışımın yanma ısısı %50 oranında artmıştır. Yanma ısısının artmasıyla yanma odası
sıcaklığı ve lineer yanma hızı artar. Flake yerine küresel tip tozların kullanımı, yanma ısısı açısından daha
uygundur. Yanma ısısının artması, yanma ürünlerinin sıcaklığını ve basıncını artırarak itme kuvvetini
yükseltir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, metalik toz ilavesi olmayan çift esaslı yakıt karışımı ve bazı kompozit
yakıt karışımları ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

Risk-Adjusted Performance of South African Active Investment Strategy of Liability-Driven Investor

Martin Kocúrek — 2024-06-28

This paper investigates the risk-adjusted performance of an active investment strategy tailored
for a liability-driven investor (LDI) within the South African financial market. The primary focus is on a
portfolio consisting predominantly of short-term government securities and cash, reflecting the LDI’s
objectives of capital preservation and liquidity. Utilizing risk-adjusted performance indicators such as the
Sharpe Ratio, Jensen's Alpha, and Sortino Ratio, along with Value at Risk (VaR) methodologies, this
study provides a comprehensive analysis of the portfolio's risk-return profile over a period from August
29, 2000, to September 21, 2021. The findings indicate that the active management strategy has been
effective in balancing risk and return, achieving competitive returns relative to the risks undertaken. The
positive Jensen’s Alpha highlights the portfolio manager's skill in generating excess returns, while the
VaR estimates offer insights into potential downside risks under various market conditions. This research
contributes to the broader understanding of risk-adjusted investment strategies for liability-driven
investors, particularly within emerging markets, and underscores the importance of ongoing portfolio
monitoring and risk management.

VALUATION OF ECO-DESIGN WITHIN THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF STUDENTS-ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS

Angela MUNTEANU — 2024-06-28

The article presents a theoretical-practical study that succinctly exposes and analyzes some
researchers' views in the targeted field, reflecting the importance and possibilities of contemporary
university education for sustainability. It specifies state policies for promoting a healthy and safe
environment and proposes pedagogical strategies for enhancing environmental education or ecological and
sustainability education for architecture and design students. Additionally, it presents educational activities
carried out in both formal and non-formal contexts, contributing to the development of scientific and
professional thinking of architecture and design students, fostering respect for environmental protection
through concept projects aimed at reducing excessive human consumerism. Furthermore, it highlights the
role of ecological education in developing creativity, aesthetic taste, moral qualities, and the affectiveemotional sphere in the process of planning and executing planned actions. The influence of teaching and
educational experience on the selection of recycled materials used for creating furniture and lighting
fixtures is elucidated; in the research and presentation of these within theoretical-practical seminars.
Recommendations are offered to optimize the ecological education of architecture and design students to
achieve ecological literacy among future specialists who will develop sustainable and durable works. The
students' creations vary in composition, form, size, color range, and functionality.

Hidrazit Esaslı Maleik Asit Metal Komplekslerinin Kolorimetrik ve Spektrofotometrik Olarak İncelenmesi

Cumali Çelik — 2024-06-28

Bu çalışmada, bir maleik asit hidrazit olan (2Z)-4-hidrazin-(4-oksobüt-2-enoik asit), maleik anhidrit
ile hidrazin monohidratın etanol içindeki reaksiyonundan elde edilmiştir. Sentezlenen bu hidrazit esaslı
ligand bileşiğinin Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ca(II), Zn(II), Mg(II), Mn(II) ve Fe(III) metal iyonlarıyla
oluşturduğu komplekslerin kemosensör yetenekleri kolorimetrik olarak belirlenmiştir. Ligand bileşiği ile
Fe(III) metal iyonu arasındaki etkileşmenin stokiyometrisi sürekli değişim yöntemi ile hesaplanmıştır. Bu
metal kompleks bileşiğindeki, ligand:metal iyonları arasındaki stokiyometrik oran spektrofotometrik
ölçümlerle 1:1 olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Geleneksel Türk Sanatları Desenleri ile Siyamatik (Cymatics) Şekillerin Benzerliği

S. Bilge (Günceoğlu) Karaöz — 2024-06-28

Sanat ve bilim arasındaki ilişki, tarihsel ve kültürel bağlamlarda incelenirken, bazen beklenmedik
benzerlikler ve etkileşimlerin ortaya çıktığı gözlemlenmektedir. Türk sanatçısı bu bağlamda kendi tekâmül
yolculuğunda sanatını yansıtmada soyutlamaya yönelerek öze ulaşmak istemiştir. Böylelikle matematik
düzen ve estetik gibi kavramlarla beraber sembolizm de sanatının temelini oluşturmuştur.
Yapılan araştırmalarda, sesin görünürlüğü görsel verilere aktarıldığında, oluşan şekillerin aynı ritmik düzen
içinde bir geometriden oluştuğu bilimsel olarak kanıtlanmıştır. Bu çalışma, ses dalgalarının madde üzerinde
oluşturduğu geometrik desenlerle Geleneksel Türk sanatları desenlerinin, simetrik ve geometrik düzeni
açısından benzerliklerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Türk sanatındaki desenlerin ve
siyamatik şekillerin görsel analizlerine yönelik konuya uygun tablolar oluşturulmuş ve yorumlamalar
yapılmıştır. Oluşturulan tablolarda ve şekillerin karşılaştırılarak kompozisyon özelliklerinin
incelemelerinde, ortak özellikler olduğu düşünülmektedir. Böylelikle siyamatik (cymatics) sistemde oluşan
18 tane görsel ile 17 tane geleneksel Türk sanatları deseninin benzerliği ortaya konmuştur. Karşılaştırılan
bu eserlerin 8 tanesi mimari yapı olan cami kubbelerindeki desenler, 4 tanesi taş tezyinatından seçilen
desenler, 2 tanesi bir el yazmasının zahriye sayfasında bulunan desenler, 1 tanesi çini deseni, 1 tanesi klâsik
bir çintemani deseni ve 1 tanesi Mühr-i Süleyman desenidir.
Türk sanatındaki desenler incelendiğinde, Türk sanatçısının geometrik, sembolik ve matematiksel anlam
açısından kozmos, sonsuzluk, iktidar, güç ve zıtlık gibi kavramları sembolize ettiği düşünülmektedir.
Görünür olmayan ses dalgalarının görünür hale gelmesiyle oluşan şekiller, birer sanat eseri niteliğindedir
ve geleneksel Türk sanatları desenleri ile benzerlikleri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak Türk
sanatçısı, yaşadığı evreni anlama yolunda süreklilik, tekrar, çeşitlilik, düzen, birlik ve uyum kavramlarını
sanatıyla ifade ederken, gözlem ve deneylerle bilimsel bir bakış açısı ile hareket etmiş olabilir.

Enhancing Diabetes Diagnosis through the Investigation of Cost-Sensitive Learning with Ensemble Techniques

Yasmine Khedimi — 2024-06-28

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease represented in the body’s un-successful insulin
effect, that appears in the elevation of the blood’s glucose levels and potential damage to many body
systems, causing the increasing of mortality rates. Early diagnosis is important for managing this illness,
and machine learning algorithms play a crucial role employing various methodologies for diabetes
detection, and in handling imbalanced data in particular.
Using diverse classification algorithms such as (Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest,
Support Vector Machine, Convolutional Neural Network) for diabetes diagnosis and classification
demonstrate the dominance of one class and the resulting underrepresentation of the minority class.
To address this issue, cost-sensitive learning and resampling techniques are investigated in this study.
The proposed approach aimed to propose robust cost-sensitive classifiers by modifying the objective
functions of well-known algorithms. Additionally, hybrid approach of our improved Cost-sensitive
models with well used ensemble techniques like Cost-sensitive XGBoost and Cost-sensitive Random
Forest, Cost-sensitive Logistic Regression are analyzed to effectively address imbalanced classes.
To validate proposed models two imbalanced medical datasets (PIMA Indi-an, and BASEDIABET
datasets) are applied. Obtained results proves the accuracy and sensitivity of diabetes prediction models
enhancement, by reducing costly classification errors.

Implementing Standards for Student Assessment

Besa Dogani — 2024-06-28

Within the realm of education, assessment plays a pivotal role in reflecting both teaching efficacy
and student learning outcomes. It necessitates teachers' perpetual readiness and determination in shaping
students' educational journey. Traditionally viewed as discrete undertakings, the processes of learning and
assessment prompt educators to engage in continuous reflection, from lesson planning to execution,
encompassing content delivery and instructional methodologies such as explanation, inquiry, and discourse.
This master's thesis endeavors to provide a comprehensive examination of diverse assessment techniques
and their alignment with established standards, investigating their impact on enhancing student
achievement within the context of curriculum acquisition. It seeks to elucidate the interplay between
assessment strategies and academic performance. Utilizing a questionnaire tailored for educators, this study
aims to identify and delineate the intricate connections between assessment methodologies and student
outcomes.

Smart Decisions for "Smart Villages": Advancing Agricultural Innovation

Katerina Kareska — 2024-06-28

The concept of "Smart Villages" is emerging as a key solution for the modernization of rural
areas, especially in the agricultural sector. This paper explores the integration of advanced technologies
and smart decision-making frameworks to improve agricultural productivity and sustainability. By using
Internet of Things (IoT) devices, artificial intelligence (AI) and precision farming tools, Smart Villages
can address critical challenges such as resource inefficiency, climate variability and market accessibility.
This study presents a comprehensive review of current technology applications in agriculture and
identifies gaps in existing research. A robust decision-making framework that includes data collection,
analysis and implementation strategies tailored to rural contexts is therefore proposed. This framework
aims to empower local farmers with actionable insights, optimize resource use and improve crop yields.
In addition, we discuss the socio-economic impacts of smart villages, considering opportunities and
barriers to adoption.
Through detailed analysis and practical recommendations, this paper contributes to the current discourse
on sustainable rural development. This paper highlights the potential of smart technologies to transform
agricultural practices, fostering resilient and prosperous rural communities.

Verimliliği Etkileyen Faktörler: Bir Mobilya Fabrikası Örneği

Mehmet ÇOLAK — 2024-06-28

Verimlilik, eldeki kaynaklardan ne derece yararlanıldığını gösterir. Verimliliğin arttırılması için
kaynakların daha etkili olarak kullanılmaları gerekir. İşletmelerin karlılığını artırabilirken, ekonomilerin
büyümesine toplumların yaşam kalitesinin artmasına katkı sağlayabilir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı bir mobilya fabrikasında verimliliği etkileyen faktörler incelenmektedir. Araştırma
kapsamında, mobilya fabrikasında hem üretim hem de ofis çalışanlarıyla yüzyüze görüşülerek anket
soruları yöneltilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar bilgisayar ortamında raporlanıp, veri analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir.
Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında çalışanların görev ve sorumlulukları, fabrikanın işleyişine yer verilmiştir.
Sonraki aşamada ise materyal ve metot belirlenip detaylandırılmıştır. Çalışmanın son aşamasında anket
yönteminden elde edilen veriler veri analiz yöntemi ile tablolar halinde faktörler incelenmiştir. Elde edilen
bulgular bu faktörlerin mobilya fabrikasında verimliliğini arttırmak için alınması gereken önlemleri ve
iyileştirme alanlarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışma sonuçlarına göre bir mobilya fabrikasında
verimliliği arttırmak için işletmede moral-motivasyon sağlamadaki avantajları, çalışan dayanıklılığı ve
çalışan verimliliğine yönelik davranış unsurlarının önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışanların
verimliliğini artırmak için bu alanlarda yapılacak iyileştirmelerin önemli olduğu belirtilmiştir.

Enhancing Carbon Sink: Challenges in Urban Forestry of Major Cities in Tamil Nadu, India

A. Ramachandran — 2024-06-28

Recognizing the crucial role of green cover in mitigating climate change and improving
environmental sustainability, the research aims to evaluate the existing potential urban green cover and its
carbon sequestration potential, including Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in the 21 Municipal Corporations of
Tamil Nadu. The study employs latest geospatial technologies to analyze satellite imagery using NDVI and
generate accurate data on the extent and distribution of green spaces in the selected cities. Additionally,
field surveys and vegetation sampling are conducted to estimate the carbon stock of the identified green
areas. It is observed that 11 cities (Avadi, Chennai, Coimbatore, Dindigul, Kancheepuram, Madurai,
Tambaram, Thanjavur, Tirunelveli, and Tiruppur) out of the 21 cities do not meet the minimum
recommendation of the World Health Organisation of 9 sq.m of urban green space per person, and is a
critical point of consideration. The least proportion is found in the completely urbanized Greater Chennai
Corporation, while Nagercoil is the only city with the highest proportion of urban green cover. The total
biomass carbon sequestration by all the cities of Tamil Nadu was 4.25 Tg of CO2-eq. In general, the total
carbon stock in all the cities is very less when compared to the total carbon stock in the forests of Tamil
Nadu. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the carbon stock in light to reduce the discomfort level,
offset the emissions, and also to increase soil fertility. From the comprehensive assessment of green cover
in all the 21 cities of Tamil Nadu, it is inferred that though urban forestry is man-made, there isn’t much
attention given to urban forest management. Hence, municipal authorities must pay heavy attention to
increasing the green cover as a seamless effort involving the Forest Department, Urban Development
Departments, and Non-Governmental Organisations.

Modelling Stock Market Volatility and Attention

Jakub Tabacek — 2024-07-03

This paper aims to model stock market volatility by incorporating attention as an input variable, addressing the inconclusive evidence on its impact on stock volatility. Given the varying importance of attention across studies and the absence of a standard definition, the paper seeks to advance volatility and attention modelling by reviewing and testing different approaches. The study employs a VAR model to examine the relationship between volatility and attention in the U.S. renewable energy sector from 2006 to 2020. Using realized volatility, VIX, trading volume, and Google search volume indices, the research investigates the influence of these variables on the following day's stock price volatility for twenty renewable energy companies. Initial results from the VAR model indicate the statistical significance of some variables, such as prior variance and actual variance, while volume changes appear to have limited significance, contrary to previous findings. The study aligns with existing research, suggesting that attention and trading volume generally increase stock price volatility, whereas attention to industry fundamentals may reduce volatility.

Investigating Impact of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855 [Hemiptera (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)]Egg Hatching: A Response Surface Methodology Approach

İnanç Özgen — 2024-07-03

Nowadays, due to global warming, both carbon dioxide (CO₂) rise and temperature increase occur. Such climate changes have significant effects on living things. In this research, the reproduction and egg formation of Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855, also known as the hazelnut pest in the Black Sea Region in our country, was monitored. An air-conditioning cabinet and CO₂ application system suitable for global climate change were developed and the hatching status of the eggs of this pest was examined. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate and optimize the effects of multiple variables in experimental studies. With this method, necessary evaluations were made in planning the experiments, collecting data, and analyzing the results. RSM, mathematical modeling, and optimization techniques enable us to understand the results of experiments better and optimize processes. In this study, the hatching number of Halyomorpha halys eggs with CO₂ applications has been evaluated with RSM. The effectiveness of experimental working conditions, carbon dioxide ratio, and carbon dioxide application time have been determined by RSM. Statistical analysis has been performed in RSM to evaluate the compatibility of real data and model values. Especially when Halyamorpha halys eggs were monitored, egg hatching was observed on the 4th day (96th hour) and 5th day (120th hour). According to the results, increasing the carbon dioxide concentration (ppm) decreased the number of eggs hatched.