International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches

Comparative Study of Power Supply Strategies for the Variable Reluctance Machine 12/8

Chouitek Mama — 2024-07-25

The control of the variable reluctance machine is based on the shape of the currents when it is
supplied, but the major disadvantage of the MRV is the ripple of the torque due to the shapes of the phase
currents and the machine EMF, and this ripple of the torque is generally harmful to the proper functioning
of the device. To remedy this, we used different power supply techniques used in low and medium
voltage.
The first technique used is based on the technique of controlling the current by hysteresis; in this power
supply mode the torque ripple is not controlled but by adjusting the switching angles it can nevertheless
be minimized. However, the use of this technique has shown its limits at low and medium speed.
This led us to use another technique which is control. The second technique uses a new vector control
method based on an internal control with two degrees of freedom (2DOF IMC), this control approach
makes it possible to specify two independent degrees of freedom. in the design of the regulator, which
means it provides more flexibility to adjust performance and flexibility to adjust the behavior of the
system according to specific requirements; by adding a simple adaptive disturbance observer (ADO) to
estimate and eliminate disturbances online, it will be incorporated into the internal loop system and by
adjusting the law of adaptation gains, this strategy made it possible to improve the stability and the
convergence of the ADO.
The effectiveness of the latter proposed control strategy is demonstrated by experiments, and the results
show that the proposed method can effectively improve the control and disturbance rejection performance
of MRV drives.

Migration Processes in Azerbaijan and their Effects on the Sustainable Development of the Enterprise Economy

Maryam Adli — 2024-07-25

In the course of studying the theoretical and practical consequences of migration processes in
the context of socio-economic and political crisis in the world, the concept of "migration" was clarified.
Due to the large number of approaches to the definition of this term, it is substantiated that during the study,
it is advisable to consider the regional context, i.e., to rely on the definition consolidated in the national
legislative framework of Azerbaijan. The types of migration were revealed and the importance of such a
type as labour migration was emphasised. The need for legal protection and regulation of migration
processes was substantiated, both from the standpoint of economic considerations and considering the needs
of migrants themselves. The main provisions of some international documents regulating migration
processes are disclosed (Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration A/RES/73/195,
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their
Families, Durban Declaration) and other human rights mechanisms are described (Special Rapporteur on
the Human Rights of Migrants, Committee on Migrant Workers). The role of migration processes in the
sustainable development of the enterprise economy is emphasised by defining sustainable development
goals that correlate with both migration and the development of the enterprise economy. The positive role
of migrant workers in the economic development of countries is confirmed by determining the benefits of
migration and supporting the results obtained with statistical indicators.
The study of the Ease of Doing Business Index values confirmed that Azerbaijan has created a favourable
environment for entrepreneurial activity. As a result of the analysis, recommendations were developed
for further expanding opportunities for immigrants to strengthen their positive impact on the enterprise
economy in Azerbaijan.

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Classification Models in Predicting Cardiovascular Disease

Ladislav Végh — 2024-07-25

For a long time, cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death worldwide.
Machine learning has found significant usage in the medical field as it can find patterns in data.
Classification models can help cardiologists to diagnose heart diseases and minimize misdiagnosis
accurately. In this paper, we explored a dataset related to heart disease and compared the accuracy of 43
machine learning classification models. The dataset for this research was downloaded from Kaggle; it
contained 1190 observations, 11 features (age, sex, chest pain type, resting blood pressure, serum
cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, resting electrocardiogram results, maximum heart rate achieved, exercise
induced angina, oldpeak, the slope of the peak exercise ST segment) and a binary target variable (no heart
disease or observed cardiovascular disease). For data exploration, preprocessing, training, testing, and
predictor importance analysis, we used MATLAB R2004a software and the Classification Learner app
included in this software. Before training machine learning classification models, we divided the dataset
into a training set (90% of observations) and a test set (10% of observations). To prevent overfitting
during the training of classification models, 10-fold cross-validation was used. The result showed that the
best accuracy was reached with an optimized ensemble classification model (validation accuracy: 0.9262
and test accuracy: 0.9580). After calculating the permutation importance of each feature, we observed that
the most important feature among all 11 features was the slope of the peak exercise ST segment.

Effect of Compression Index and Consolidation Coefficient on Settlement of Rectangular Foundation Resting on Clayey Soil

Emrah DAĞLI — 2024-07-25

Significant settlements may occur in the soils because of structural loads. These settlement
values are affected by multiple factors. Consolidation coefficient and compression index are among the
factors that change settlement calculations the most. In this study, the model was created in the Settle 3D
program to analyze a 30m deep soil profile consisting of 10m clay, 10m sand, and 10m gravel, with the
water level at the ground surface. A 10m x 20m rectangular foundation loaded with 10 kPa was considered.
The construction period was 365 days, and settlement calculations were performed for 12 different periods
ranging from 15 days to 50 years. The 50 years with the highest settlement values were taken into account
in the evaluations. A total of 2025 analyses were made by changing the consolidation coefficient,
compression index, and unit volume weights. Results showed that after the consolidation coefficient of clay
reaches 0.002 m2/year for all unit volume weights and compression indices, settlement reaches its maximum
value for the relevant situation, and increasing the consolidation coefficient does not change the result. The
lowest and highest settlement values detected in all analyses were 2.96 cm and 134 cm, respectively. At the
same time, the minimum settlement value found when the compression index value is 0.7 and above is 25.3
cm. This situation causes serious problems for structures due to the settlement of high plasticity clay soils
with high compression index and coefficient of consolidation.

Determination of Moisture Condition Values of Bentonite Material Mixed with Salt in Different Water Contents

Emrah Dağlı — 2024-07-25

Strength tests available to determine the strength of soils can sometimes be time consuming or
test equipment may not be available. In this case, alternative experiments can be a savior. In terms of the
strength of fillings, there is the MCV test as an alternative to the CBR test. In this study, high plasticity
bentonite material was mixed with different amounts of salt (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%). To determine the
physical properties, a standard proctor test was performed specifically for each mixture. MCV test was
performed on the mixtures prepared at certain multiples of the optimum water contents obtained from the
Proctor test (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5). In this way, the effect of water content
change on MCV was also examined. According to the results obtained, if the water content is more than
20% of the optimum water content, BT20, BT25 and BT30 mixtures do not meet the MCV = 8.5 value
recommended for filling, while BT5, BT10 and BT15 mixtures meet this condition. BT20 mixture give best
performance compared to other mixture when taking into consideration of equation created between water
content and MCV. It was concluded that in mixtures with lower salt content, water content tolerance is
higher than in mixtures with high salt content.

Designing of Hybrid Multi-Level Inverter for Photo Voltaic Applications

Engr. Sami Ur Rahman — 2024-07-25

The global surge in energy demand has highlighted the limitations of fossil fuels, both in terms
of cost and availability, prompting a shift towards renewable energy sources. Developed countries are
effectively managing their resources for current and future needs, while developing nations face imminent
fossil fuel shortages. Renewable energy, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, offers a sustainable
alternative due to their noiseless operation, low maintenance, and minimal environmental impact. The
main challenge is the integration of renewable energy into existing AC power grids. This research focuses
on incorporating PV systems to meet various power demands using a novel topology known as Multiple
Levels Inverter with switch DC sources. Inverters, essential for converting DC voltage from sources like
PV arrays into AC, are crucial in this process.The proposed design uses PV output as the DC input
voltage, converting it into AC power via a single-phase multi-level inverter. Traditional two-level
inverters suffered from issues like high total harmonic distortion (THD) and increased losses with higher
levels. Multi-level inverters, however, are advantageous for high-power applications, reducing harmonic
distortion and approaching a sinusoidal output waveform as levels increase. This study examines the
voltage and current waveforms and evaluates total harmonic distortion in the system. Applications such as
variable frequency drives (VFD), pumps, and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) benefit from multi
level inverters. The performance of the single-phase multi-level inverter will be analyzed using
MATLAB and Simulink software, providing insights into its efficacy and efficiency.

Numerical study of the effect of focusing the absorber relative to the mirror in a parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) on mixed convection

Hassene Boutelis — 2024-07-25

In the field of solar thermal energy, parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) stand out as a promising
technology for renewable energy production. The precise focusing of the absorber located at the center
focal of the parabolic mirror, which concentrates solar light, plays a crucial role in maximizing solar energy
absorption and enhancing the system's thermal efficiency. This numerical study shows the impact of
absorber focusing on mixed convection within a PTC receiver. Through numerical simulations, it aims to
investigate how variations in focusing affect heat transfer mechanisms, critical for optimizing energy
performance and durability of PTC systems. The study is conducted with a Reynolds number of 2200, a
Grashof number ranging from 1x106 to 6x106 and a cylinder inclination angle of a = 0˚ (horizontal).

Regression-Based Temperature Prediction Using Humidity and Pressure Data for Smart Factories

Merve Sayar — 2024-07-25

With the rapid growth of technology, numerous new innovations appear in our life. One of these
advancements is Industry 4.0, often known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which brings together the Internet
of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems. IoT enables the transport of sensor data via the internet, allowing for
data exchange and central control systems that do not require human participation. Smart Factories, which are
equipped with automation technologies that allow for real-time monitoring and remote control, improve production
efficiency by guaranteeing that development in each department is handled from a single location. The Smart
Factory Management Information System is a computer-based information system that generates management
reports by aggregating and summarizing transaction records obtained via sensors. This method improves energy
efficiency in response to rising energy demand. It also gives responsible workers with quick access to information,
cost savings, and system security. The primary goal of this study is to estimate temperature using humidity and
pressure data. The BME680 sensor was used to make pressure and humidity-based temperature forecasts.
Temperature predictions were made using Gaussian Process Regression, a machine learning methodology, based
on sensor data, and it was discovered that this method produces more accurate predictions of actual values. The
study demonstrates that a Smart Factory Management Information System loaded with Industry 4.0 innovations can
make substantial contributions to enhancing energy efficiency, lowering costs, and maximizing efficiency.

Monitoring and Mapping of Machine Learning Supported Sensor Data for Digital Transformation Transfer Laboratory

Gökçe İye — 2024-07-25

Along with technological innovations, the internet of things, artificial intelligence and big data,
as a result of all these, the "digital age" or "digitalization" processes we have discussed have entered our
lives. These concepts emerged in the Industry 4.0 period, which represents the fourth stage of the
industrial revolution, and continue to exist today. The internet of things (IoT) refers to all systems that can
transfer data over a network. In the world of the Internet of Things, the role of human-to-human
commands and even human-computer interaction has been minimized. In this context, sensor technology
forms the basis of IoT. Sensors detect variables in their environment and transfer this data to other
devices or a data storage center. By analyzing large data sets, machine learning algorithms discover
patterns and relationships and can thus predict future events. The Python programming language, in
particular, offers a wide set of libraries and tools for machine learning applications. Therefore, when IoT,
sensor technology, machine learning and Python programming language come together, it becomes
possible to effectively measure, analyze and map environmental parameters. This can be used as an
important tool for monitoring and managing environmental conditions in various industries. This study
combines sensor technology and machine learning methods to measure and map the temperature and
humidity values of a specific area, an approach associated with the concept of the Internet of Things
(IoT). After different temperature and humidity values are taken from different locations, a mapping is
created for the area where the data is taken. In addition to the temperature and humidity values taken from
certain locations, the temperature and humidity values of locations where no data is taken are estimated
and mapped with the support of machine learning methods.

From Their Point of View: A Content Analysis on Language Needs of Professionals

Dr. İlknur Kazaz — 2024-07-25

For the students in Turkey, not just getting into university is sufficient. They have to prove
another competence as well, id est language ability. Are preparatory schools, instructors, administrators,
namely all stakeholders successful in teaching English and preparing the prospective i.e., doctors,
engineers, teachers for being accurate users of English, global citizens, admirable and respected
professionals? In order to shed light into this problem, the current study aimed at interrogating graduates
and academicians regarding the qualifications of a preparatory program. Hereby, the study has a qualitative
research design, Universe is all preparatory program graduates, Sample is Karadeniz Technical University
School of Foreign Languages graduate students. Focus group interviews have been made with Medicine
students who have graduated from the Preparatory School and their instructors working as doctors at
Faculty of Medicine. The qualitative data coming out of the interviews have been analyzed with content
analysis. Content analysis is a research method used for the subjective interpretation of the data by
identifying themes or patterns (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005). In order to receive clear answers from the
interviews, they were made in Turkish, Translation and Back translation method was employed in the
aftermath. Not to violate validity and reliability common codes/total codes x 100 was used for the coding.
The results suggest that, the preparatory program fails to improve listening and speaking skills on behalf of
students, which led to failure in making in-service oral presentations throughout their career or hesitations
to speak when they travel abroad for professional purposes.

Otomotiv Süspansiyon Parçaları için Esneme Testlerinde Yapay Zekâ Tabanlı Aparat Seçimi

Muhammed Abdullah ÖZEL — 2024-07-25

Süspansiyon sistemi, binek ve ağır vasıta araçlarda aracın kusursuz şekilde hareket etmesini ve
yoldan gelen titreşimleri yolculara ve sürücüye en az şekilde aktarmak için tasarlanır. Araç güvenliği
açısından önemli olan süspansiyon parçaları üretim aşamasından sonra ömür tayinleri ve çalışma
şartlarının belirlenmesi için statik ve dinamik testlere tabii tutulması gerekmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda
operatör kaynaklı yanlış konumlandırma ve aparatlandırma nedeniyle test sonuçlarında %5-8 arasında
hatalı sonuçlar alınabilmektedir. Yapılan test sırasında parçaların doğru konumlandırıldığının ve teste
uygun aparatlandırmanın yapıldığının, operatörden bağımsız denetleneceği bir sistem ile statik testlerin
sonuçlarının doğruluğunun artırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca operatör yetkinlik ve inisiyatifi ortadan
kaldırılarak süspansiyon parçalarına ait testlerin aparatlandırma süreci otomatik gerçekleştirilebilmekte ve
test adımlarının kontrolü sağlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada 3 farklı operatör ile burç çapına uygun aparat
seçimini yapan makine tarafından eksenel ve radyal testler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ürün güvenliğinin
sağlanması, hata payının azaltılması zaman ve maliyet açısından problem oluşacak noktalarının
giderilmesi sağlanmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışma ile aparat belirleme süresinde %96 düşüş, uygun olmayan
aparat ile kauçuklu parçanın test sonuçlarını etkileyen %5-8 arasında oluşan sapmaların minimuma
düşürülmesi hedefi sağlanmıştır.

Fonksiyonel Gıda ve Moleküler Gastronomi İlişkisi

Çiğdem KIZILGEÇİ — 2024-07-25

Fonksiyonel gıda, temel beslenme değerlerinin ötesinde sağlık yararları sağladığı düşünülen özel
bileşenler içeren veya sağlık üzerinde belirli bir etki yaratan gıdalardır. Bu gıdalar, vitaminler, mineraller,
lifler, probiyotikler, antioksidanlar, yağ asitleri gibi besin öğelerini içermektedir. Moleküler gastronomi
ise geleneksel yemek pişirme yöntemlerini bilimsel prensipler ve modern teknolojilerle birleştirerek
yiyeceklerin kimyasını ve fiziksel özelliklerini anlama ve yenilikçi yemeklerin tasarlanmasıyla ilgilenen
bir alanıdır. Fonksiyonel gıdaların moleküler gastronomi ile ilişkisi, sağlık yararlarını artırmak ve daha
etkili, lezzetli ve tüketici dostu gıda ürünleri geliştirmek için bilimsel ve deneysel bir yaklaşım sunarak
gıda endüstrisinin ve tüketicilerin sağlık ve beslenme alanında daha fazla fayda elde etmelerine yardımcı
olabileceği ve gelecekteki araştırma ve geliştirmeler için büyük bir potansiyel oluşturacağı
düşünülmektedir.

Regional Consensus on Political Settlement to the Principal Conflicts in Afghanistan

Maria Adli — 2024-07-25

This paper outlines a new strategy compatible with the existing peace process and Afghan
government-Taliban dialogue. Starting in February 2020, per the terms of the agreement with the Taliban,
the United States will begin withdrawing its troops. The Study Group believes establishing these
circumstances by May 2021, when the treaty requires a troop pullout, will be difficult or impossible. A
deadline extension is the first step toward a negotiated permanent peace that meets U.S. interests.
This paper proposes a peace-building U.S. military withdrawal from Afghanistan. The United States has
made significant efforts to convene negotiations between the parties. We have to give in to the Taliban's
requests and, more crucially, impose influence on our Afghan partners, who share our political outlook
and have made huge sacrifices at our side for almost two decades. These debates are proceeding slowly.
• First, the United States should define success in Afghanistan, and
• second, it should clarify that the removal of American troops is contingent on this definition.
• The United States should support the Afghan government and the National Defense and Security
Forces (ANDSF).
• The United States should employ an aggressive diplomatic policy to ensure the success of the
peace process.
• To conclude, the Study Group suggests a comprehensive regional strategy as its fifth and final
suggestion, which is also a key part of the new methodology.

Süspansiyon Parçalarından Rot mili Parçasının Yağlama Operasyon Sürecinin Ürün Performansına Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Semih KÖSE — 2024-07-25

Otomobillerde süspansiyon parçaları, yollarda oluşacak olumsuz durumları azaltarak, sarsılmaları
ve savrulmaları önleyerek konforlu yolculuk yapmayı sağlayan parçalardır. Önemli bir süspansiyon
parçası olan rot mili, direksiyon ile ön tekerlekler arasındaki bağlantıyı oluşturan, direksiyon kutusundan
aldığı hareketi rot başı vasıtasıyla tekerleklere ileten bir ara süspansiyon parçasıdır. Rot mili üretiminde
gövde, plastik yatak ve küresel mafsal olan parçaların sıvama işlemi ile son ürün elde edilir. Yağlama
işlemi, küresel mafsalların sürtünmesini kolaylaştırır. Kürelerin çapına göre yağ gramajı dozajlanmalı ve
homojen dağılmalıdır. Homojenlik sağlanamazsa ve yağ gramajı eksik veya fazla olursa küresel şaft ile
plastik yatağın arasında oluşacak aşınma sebebiyle parçanın ömrü kısa olur ve müşteri şikâyetine sebep
olur, kırılma ve çalışma tork değerlerinin yüksek veya düşük çıkması sebebiyle parça hurdaya ayrılır.
Operatörün manuel gerçekleştirdiği işlemde homojenlik, operatör yetkinlik ve inisiyatifine göre
değişmektedir. Bu sebeple kürenin yağ miktarı dozaj ayarlı olmalı ve homojen yayılma sağlanabilmelidir.
Homojen yayılmayı uygulayabilmek için 4 farklı yağlama başlığı ile denemeler yapılmıştır. Tek nokta
yağlama, çift nokta yağlama, 360 derece tek nokta yağlama ve 180 derece çift nokta yağlama için PLC ve
HMI yardımıyla pompaya bilgi verilerek, parçaların küre çaplarına göre istenilen gramaj girildikten sonra
her bir başlık için 4 adet rot mili ile test edilmiştir. Kırılma ve çalışma torkları uygun olan, homojen
olarak yağ veren sistem “Çift yön yağlama” olarak kaydedilmiştir.

Sıhhi Seramik Makinesi Milinin Statik Yük Altında İncelenmesi

Fatih Karpat — 2024-07-25

Sanayi devriminin gerçekleşmesiyle beraber makineleşmenin faydası daha belirgin olarak
görülmüş, buna müteakiben makinelerin kullanım alanı ve sayısı her geçen gün artmıştır. Fakat bu artışı
karşılayabilmek için bazı ortak parçaların daha hızlı üretilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu noktada dişli, cıvata,
mil gibi standart makine elemanları oluşturulmuştur. Makine elemanlarının standartlaşması üretim
endüstrisinin hızlanmasına önemli oranda katkı sağlamıştır. Makine elemanları her ne kadar
standartlaşmış olsa da kullanım yerine göre beklentiler değişebilmektedir. Bazı makineler için sadece
mukavemeti önemli olurken bazı makineler için hafiflik daha fazla ön plana çıkabilmektedir. Yine kimi
cihazlarda makine elemanından hem yüksek mukavemet hem de hafiflik beklenebilmektedir. Günümüzde
değişen ve gelişen dünyayla beraber makine elemanlarından beklenen özellikler de artmaktadır. Bir başka
durum ise makine elemanlarının maruz kaldığı yükleme tiplerinin makineden makineye değişebilmesidir.
Bu sebeple makine üreticilerinin standart makine elemanlarını kullanırken maruz kalacağı yükleme tipini
ve yük miktarını doğru tayin etmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada seramik banyo armatürleri üreten bir
cihazda kullanılan milin statik kuvvet altındaki durumu ele alınmıştır. Çalışma nümerik olarak
gerçekleştirilmiş olup sonlu elemanlar analizi için ANSYS Workbench yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma
neticesinde maksimum deformasyon değeri 0,12 mm olarak gerçekleşirken maksimum gerilme değeri ise
217 MPa olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Bu sonuçlar ışığında mil elemanın kalıcı bir deformasyona
uğramayacağı ve çalışma ergonomisi açısından herhangi bir problemin gerçekleşmeyeceği söylenebilir.

Impacts of Climate Change on the Productivity of Tobacco Crop in Pakistan

Haroon Khan — 2024-07-25

Pakistan's tobacco production is greatly impacted by climate change, which influences many
elements of crop development and cultivation. Reduced yields of tobacco can result from the direct
effects of rising temperatures brought on by climate change on tobacco growth and development.
Changing rainfall patterns can lead to water scarcity, affecting tobacco crops and forcing farmers to
switch to drought-tolerant crops. Changes in the growing season can affect growth, which can affect
planting and harvest times. Diseases and pests will be affected by climate change. For example, higher
temperatures can increase the spread of certain pests, requiring more aggressive pest management.
Floods, and hurricanes are examples of extreme weather events that will occur frequently and severely,
damaging crops, affecting supplies. Climate change has the potential to impact soil fertility and quality, as
soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and soil composition. Community health may be affected by reduced
productivity and income instability, as well as greater social and economic disruption. Implementing
stricter laws and safety standards to combat climate change could create barriers for smokers who must
change the way they work to adapt to environmental change. The chemical properties of tobacco, such as
its nicotine concentration, flavor profile, chemical composition, curing and drying procedures, and the
likelihood of pollutants infiltrating tobacco fields, can be impacted by climate change. Adaptation
strategies should be adopted to mitigate the effects of climate change on tobacco cultivation in Pakistan.
These include crop diversification, developing climate-resilient tobacco varieties, improving water
management, implementing precision agriculture, adaptive crop planning, integrated pest management,
soil conservation practices, education, and capacity building, weather information and early warning
systems, policy support and insurance, and continuous research and innovation.

Servis Uygulamaları İçin Kural Tabanlı Proses Takip Yazılımının Geliştirilmesi

Cengiz SERTKAYA — 2024-07-25

Günümüzde geliştirilen sistemler, karmaşık süreçler ve içerisinde birçok süreç değişkeni
içermektedir. Bu durumda süreçlerin izlenmesi ve hata durumunda tespit edilmesi, süreçlerin aksamadan
devam etmesi için zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Ancak süreç verilerini etkili şekilde izlemek, mevcut
durumlarını analiz etmek, süreç anormalliklerini tespit ve teşhis etmek klasik yöntemlerle yapılamayacak
kadar zor olduğundan daha etkili yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, günlük yüksek miktarda veri üreten ve işleyen proseslere sahip tasarruf finansmanı
sektöründe faaliyet gösteren firmalar baz alınarak, bir proses takip yazılımı önerisinde bulunulmuştur.
Geliştirilen yazılımda, belirli periyodlarda ve belirlenen kural tabanlı analiz methodları kullanılarak
proseslerin izlenmesi ve hata oluşması durumunda, anlık alarm üretilmesi gibi özellikler bulunmaktadır.
Önerilen yazılım mimarisinin kullanılması durumunda servislerin düzenli çalışması ile
devamlılığın da sağlanacağı öngörülmektedir.

Picture Fuzzy B-spline Curve Approximation Model

Nur Azlida Ahmad — 2024-07-25

In this paper, the picture fuzzy set approach was applied to introduce the approximation of B
spline curve model. Firstly, picture fuzzy control point relation is described by using basic concepts of
picture fuzzy set which is involved picture fuzzy number and picture fuzzy relation. The B-spline basis
function is then combined with the picture fuzzy control point relation. Afterwards, using an approximation
technique, fuzzy B-spline curves are created and displayed. In conclusion, a few numerical instances for
creating the desired curve are displayed.

The Effects of Lycopene on Health and Fields of Use

Halil İbrahim Binici — 2024-07-25

In recent years, there has been increase in the interest of the general public in both healthy and
functional foods. Because this interest is very important in terms of the fact that foods cause the prevention
and emergence of many diseases. In this context, people there is a greater interest in fruits and vegetables
in terms of adequate and balanced nutrition. This food group, which is richer than other foods, especially
in terms of micronutrients, contains various phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds and antioxidants.
As a matter of fact, antioxidants are defined as chemical compounds that can inhibit the oxidation process
by preventing the initiation and progression of oxidising chain reactions. One of the phytochemicals and
antioxidants is lycopene, which belongs to the carotenoid group. Acting as a natural pigment, lycopene has
many functional properties (such as colouring, functioning of photosynthetic mechanisms) for plants.
Lycopene, with the chemical formula C40H56, has a molecular mass of 536.89 Da. Lycopene, which has a
hydrophobic structure, is soluble in various organic solvents. On the other hand, it is stated that it is
extremely sensitive to elements such as oxygen, light, heat and moisture due to its structural properties. The
most important sources of lycopene found in many fruits and vegetables include tomatoes, watermelon,
pink guava, carrot, pumpkin, papaya and sweet potato. It is also stated that lycopene, which can have many
positive effects on human health, has protective effects in terms of cancer, heart disease, aging, bone and
skin health. It is also an important antioxidant compound in the elimination of free radicals that can occur
as a result of many factors. Conversely, ingestion of foods or supplements containing excessive lycopene
may result in the development of a condition known as lycopeneemia. This review article presents an
overview of the chemical structure, properties and effects of lycopene on human health.

Farklı Gedik Tiplerinden Kaynaklanan Ani Baraj Yıkılması Akışının Bir Binaya Etkisinin Sayısal Olarak İncelenmesi

Emrah Sevinç — 2024-07-25

Baraj gövdesinde oluşan farklı gedik tiplerinden kaynaklanan ani baraj yıkılması akışının, mansap
bölgesindeki bir binaya etkisi sayısal olarak araştırılmıştır. Üç farklı gedik tipi (20 cm genişliğinde ve 68
cm yüksekliğinde Gedik 1, 40 cm genişliğinde ve 68 cm yüksekliğinde Gedik 2, 80 cm genişliğinde ve 68
cm yüksekliğinde Gedik 3) oluşturularak baraj yıkılması akışı simüle edilmiştir. FLOW-3D hesaplamalı
akışkanlar dinamiği yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen baraj yıkılması simülasyonlarından elde edilen
analiz sonuçları değerlendirilip yorumlanmıştır. FLOW-3D yazılımında çalışma alanı Δx = Δy = Δz = 2 cm
hücre boyutuna sahip hücrelere bölünmüş ve türbülans modeli olarak k-ε türbülans modeli kullanılmıştır.
Simülasyonlar, 104 cm genişliğinde ve 1000 cm uzunluğunda dikdörtgen kesitli yatay bir kanal modeli
kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Baraj rezervuarındaki başlangıç su derinliği 78 cm olarak alınmıştır. Mansap
bölgesine yerleştirilen binanın uzunluğu 60 cm, genişliği 30 cm ve yüksekliği 40 cm’dir. Analiz sonuçları,
gedik alanının büyümesinin, baraj yıkılması akışının mansap bölgesindeki yayılma hızını arttırdığını
göstermiştir. Binanın akışın geliş yönündeki yüzeyinde, akışa ait maksimum su derinliklerinin Gedik 1,
Gedik 2 ve Gedik 3 durumlarında sırasıyla 33.3 cm, 51.4 cm ve 61.4 cm olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Maksimum
basınç değerlerinin; kanal tabanından 1 cm yüksekteki P1 noktasında, Gedik 1 durumunda 4417.3 Pa, Gedik
2 durumunda 5455.8 Pa ve Gedik 3 durumunda 6170.6 Pa olduğu görülmüştür. Kanal tabanından 5 cm
yüksekteki P2 noktasında, Gedik 1 durumunda 2573.9 Pa, Gedik 2 durumunda 4069.5 Pa ve Gedik 3
durumunda 5972.2 Pa olduğu gözlenmiştir. Kanal tabanından 9 cm yüksekteki P3 noktasında, Gedik 1
durumunda 1356.4 Pa, Gedik 2 durumunda 3085.7 Pa ve Gedik 3 durumunda 4878.7 Pa olduğu
görülmüştür. Gedik alanının büyümesi, binanın akışın geliş yönündeki yüzeyinde, akışa ait maksimum su
derinliklerini ve basınç değerlerini de arttırmıştır.

Myofascial Release Exercises in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis: A Traditional Review

Mehmet SÖNMEZ — 2024-07-25

Plantar fasciitis, a major problem in orthopaedics, affects individuals with different demographic
characteristics and activity levels. Characterised by excruciating heel pain, especially during weight
bearing activities, this condition often impairs mobility and reduces quality of life. Myofascial release
exercises show promise by offering a non-invasive and patient-centred approach to address the multifaceted
nature of plantar fasciitis. By further examining the therapeutic effects of these exercises and elucidating
their mechanisms of action, clinicians and researchers can pave the way for more effective and personalised
management strategies for individuals struggling with this debilitating condition. To this end, the aim of
this review is to examine the effects of myofascial release exercises on plantar fasciitis. Myofascial release
exercises play a crucial role in the management of plantar fasciitis by addressing the underlying soft tissue
restrictions and biomechanical imbalances that contribute to the condition. These exercises target the
myofascial system including muscles, fascia and associated connective tissues, aiming to remove
adhesions, improve tissue elasticity and restore optimal biomechanical function. Myofascial release
exercises that address these factors offer a comprehensive and holistic approach to the treatment of plantar
fasciitis with the potential to relieve pain, increase mobility and improve functional outcomes. While
traditional treatment methods provide symptomatic relief for many individuals, they may not address the
underlying soft tissue restrictions and biomechanical imbalances that contribute to the condition.
Myofascial release exercises offer a promising adjunctive treatment for plantar fasciitis by targeting the
myofascial system, improving tissue elasticity and restoring optimal biomechanical function.

İÇSEL PAZARLAMA UYGULAMALARI VE ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIK İLİŞKİSİNİN İŞ PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: BARTIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ’NDE BİR ÇALIŞMA

Gizem BAYLANÇİÇEK — 2024-07-25

Araştırmanın amacı, içsel pazarlama uygulamalarının Bartın Üniversitesinde görev yapan akademik
personelin iş doyumunu nasıl etkilediğini belirlemektir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama deseniyle yürütülmüştür.
Bartın Üniversitesinde görevli akademik personel araştırmanın evrenini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın
örneklemini ise basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen seksen sekiz(88) akademik personel
oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada “Kişisel Bilgi Formu, “İçsel Pazarlama Ölçeği”, “İş Doyumu Ölçeği”
verilerin toplanması amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 27.0 programı ile yapılmış ve %95
güven düzeyi ile çalışılmıştır. Kategorik (nitel) değişkenler için frekans (n) ve yüzde (%), sayısal (nicel)
değişkenler için ortalama (Ort), standart sapma (ss), minimum ve maksimum istatistikleri verilmiştir.
Çalışmada test tekniklerinden Pearson korelasyon testi, bağımsız gruplar t testi, Tek yönlü ANOVA testleri
kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada içsel pazarlama ölçeği, iş tatmini ölçeği ve alt boyut puanlarının demografik
özelliklere, çalışma bilgilerine göre karşılaştırılmasında bağımsız gruplar t, tek yönlü ANOVA ölçek
puanları arasındaki ilişkilerde Pearson Korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara
göre içsel pazarlamanın iş tatmini üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

A multi-objective scheduling of renewable energy sources in a smart grid system

Engr. Rameez Hassan — 2024-07-25

The demand for electricity is increasing as our global population grows. The shift towards renewable
energy sources (RESs) is unavoidable.
RESs have cost benefits and are also eco-friendly. However, effectively regulating the energy cost presents
a notable challenge when incorporating RESs into microgrids (MG). To tackle this issue, this work presents
a novel approach utilizing a cost-effective multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) to
optimize electricity distribution among different generation units within the MG system. The proposed
MOPSO algorithm will optimally allocate the power produced from various sources in the MG, aiming to
minimize operational costs, carbon emissions, and LOLE (Loss of Load Expectation). MOPSO utilizes the
heuristic technique to produce a wide range of non-dominated solutions. The simulation results depict the
efficiency of our proposed model in reducing the cost, emissions, and LOLE in MG under two distinct
scenarios.

Comparative Analysis of Banana and Cempedak Peel Extracts as Natural coagulants at Different pH Levels in Wastewater Treatment

Nur Atikah Mat Ali — 2024-07-25

The increasing demand for sustainable water treatment has opened the potential of converting
chemical-based coagulants to natural resources coagulants. Natural resources such as fruit peel, beans, and
seeds offer eco-friendly alternatives compared to chemical coagulants. Other than that, plant-based
coagulants reduce the production of harmful sludge and promote sustainable resources because of its
availability on the market worldwide. This study investigates the effectiveness of Musa sp. (banana) peel
and Artocarpus integer (cempedak) peel extract as natural coagulants for water treatment with different pH
levels. Through controlled experiments, the performance measures based on their ability to reduce turbidity
reduction. The banana-peel and cempedak-peel dried at temperatures 30℃ and 40℃ respectively. Then
dried peels are ground and stored in an airtight container before extraction. Banana-peel and cempedak
peel were extracted separately using calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and used in the jar test experiment to reduce
turbidity reduction at different pH values. The synthetic wastewater pH varied using 0.5M NaOH and 0.5M
HCl. Each extract shows different results, whereas for banana-peel extract the turbidity reduction is higher
at pH 9 but for cempedak-peel, the turbidity reduction will be higher at pH 5. The findings could encourage
the use of natural resources coagulants in diverse wastewater treatment scenarios, reducing dependence on
chemical-based coagulant treatment.

Predicting Load-Carrying Capacity of FRP-Confined CFST Columns through Analytical Techniques

Mehar Ali — 2024-07-25

While earlier research has used sparse and imprecise data to study the load-carrying capacity
(LC) prediction of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) compression
members (SFC), no study has examined the predictive accuracy of different modeling approaches using an
extensive and refined database. The purpose of this work is to present an analytical model for LC prediction
of SFC compression members. The confinement mechanics of steel tubes and FRP wraps are included in
the model, which was created using a database of 712 samples. The analytical model yields precise
predictions by considering the lateral confinement mechanism of SFC columns. For the LC of SFC
columns, statistical metrics of MAE = 427.23, MAPE = 283.65, R2 = 0.815, RMSE = 275.43, and a20
index = 0.73 are obtained by evaluation using the experimental database.

A techno-economic optimization of Renewable energy sources within a smart grid and battery system through evolutionary algorithms

Hasnain Ali Shah — 2024-07-25

The contemporary economy is partially reliant on the electricity supply. The demand for an
accessible and enduring energy supply is unavoidable. Due to the depletion of conventional energy sources,
energy sectors are transitioning their generation units from traditional sources to renewable energy sources
(RESs). These sources are abundant in nature; nevertheless, energy derived from these sources exhibits
unpredictable patterns, which can present a potential danger to the regular functioning of the system. To
address this problem, this study introduces an innovative method that utilizes heuristic optimization
approaches, such as the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), to efficiently optimize cost and
emissions in battery energy storage systems (BESSs) scenarios. Genetic Algorithm (GA) stands out among
the several available methodologies since it consistently delivers superior outcomes for many case studies.

Exploring Phonological Processes in Child Language Development: A Comprehensive Study on Reduplication, Deletion, Consonant Cluster Reduction, Epenthesis, Diminutization, Coalescence, and Assimilation

Om Kumar — 2024-07-25

This study explores how children develop their language skills through common phonological
processes, using data sourced from online references. Researcher give emphasis to major processes like
reduplication, deletion, consonant cluster reduction and more. This focuses on how children make use of
these processes to simplify adult speech patterns as they get hold of language. Results showed that these
processes follow systematic patterns gradually waning away as children approach the adult speech patterns
rather than being haphazardly done. The knowledge of these processes is very important for speech
language pathology and education; this study provides insights into early diagnosis and intervention of
speech disorders for speech-language pathologists. This research also adds to wider cognitions of cognitive
development and language production. By revealing the systematicity of phonological processes, it has
helped to understand how children develop language thus connecting cognitive developmental
considerations with practical use of real-world communication.

Towards the Optimization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NbC-based Cermets

Abdul Basit — 2024-07-25

The NbC-Ni cermets have shown potential as an eco-friendly alternative to WC-Co cemented
carbide tools. However, their room temperature hardness and flexural strength necessitate further
improvement. Various techniques, such as grain inhibition and reinforcement, have been employed to
enhance these properties. This study explores the effects of adding 4% VC and 4% Mo₂C on the
microstructure and mechanical properties of NbC-12Ni cermets. The NbC-12Ni cermets were produced
using vacuum liquid phase sintering (LPS) at temperatures of 1400°C and 1450°C. The incorporation of
4% VC and 4% Mo₂C significantly enhanced the properties of NbC-Ni cermets. SEM analysis indicated
substantial grain refinement as a result of grain inhibition mechanisms. The grain sizes observed ranged
from 6.84 µm in NbC-12Ni to 2.34 µm in the sample containing 4 wt. % VC and 4 wt. % Mo₂C, sintered
at 1450°C. At this temperature, the incorporation of VC and Mo₂C resulted in a notable 21.5% increase in
average hardness, despite a slight decrease in fracture toughness from 10.224 MPa√m to 9.324 MPa√m.
Additionally, the flexural strength improved, reaching a maximum of 936.39 N/mm for NbC
Ni4VC4Mo₂C, marking a 14.1% increase compared to the NbC-Ni cermet.

Afetlerin Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri ve Psikososyal Destek Mekanizmalarının Değerlendirilmesi

Büşra Sezer Türken — 2024-07-25

Bu makale, afetlerin toplum ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini ve psikososyal destek mekanizmalarının
etkinliğini incelemektedir. Afetler, ani gelişen ve toplumların fiziksel, sosyal ve psikolojik dokusunu
derinden etkileyen olaylardır. Araştırma, mevcut literatürün derinlemesine incelenmesi yoluyla, afetlerin
ruh sağlığı üzerindeki kısa ve uzun vadeli etkilerini, risk faktörlerini ve koruyucu faktörleri analiz
etmektedir. Psikososyal destek mekanizmaları, acil müdahale dönemi ve uzun vadeli iyileştirme
programları çerçevesinde ele alınmış, toplum temelli yaklaşımlar ve etkili müdahale stratejileri
değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, afetlerin ruh sağlığı üzerindeki karmaşık etkilerini ve etkili destek
mekanizmalarının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, afet yönetimi ve ruh sağlığı hizmetleri alanında
çalışan profesyonellere, politika yapıcılara ve araştırmacılara yönelik önemli içgörüler sunmayı
amaçlamaktadır. Afetlere yönelik bütüncül ve multidisipliner yaklaşımlar, toplumların ruhsal
dayanıklılığını artırmak ve uzun vadeli psikolojik sorunları azaltmak için kritik öneme sahiptir.

A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON LEARNING COMPLEX FUNCTIONS THEORY

Hasan BAYRAM — 2024-07-25

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed various aspects of our lives, and education
is no exception. With its ability to process vast amounts of data, recognize patterns, and make informed
decisions, AI is revolutionizing the way we approach learning complex subjects such as mathematics. In
this article, we explore the effects of AI on learning complex numbers, a fundamental topic in
mathematics that often poses challenges to students.
Complex numbers consist of a real part and an imaginary part, expressed in the form a + bi, where ' a '
represents the real part, 'b' represents the imaginary part, and 'i' represents the imaginary unit (√−1
).
Learning complex numbers involves understanding concepts like addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, and complex plane representation. This topic can be abstract and challenging for students to
grasp initially.
First of all, let's make a small definition about artificial intelligence:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the field of computer science and technology that focuses on creating
intelligent machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI systems are
designed to perceive their environment, reason and learn from the data or experiences, and make
informed decisions or take actions to achieve specific goals.
AI encompasses a range of techniques and methodologies, including machine learning, natural language
processing, computer vision, robotics, and expert systems. These approaches enable AI systems to
process and analyze vast amounts

Exploration of the biodiversity of the lactic flora of a traditional Algerian cheese (type: Jben) from the steppe zones of the Algerian center of Djelfa.

Ismail BENZEKRI — 2024-07-25

Five samples of traditional Algerian cheese (type: Jben) collected from five different sites in
the Algerian center of Djelfa's steppe zones, were studied by determining its physicochemical and
microbiological characteristics. The diversity and density of the lactic acid bacteria of this cheese have
been the subject of phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical analyses. The average pH of the samples
was 4.39 ± 0.15, the average titratable acidity value was 69.4 ± 3.11 D and the results of the
microbiological analyses were; total aerobic mesophilic flora 6.34 x 106 CFU/g, coliform bacteria 1.44 x
104 CFU/g, Yeasts 1.88 x 104 CFU/g, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Molds were not detected. Among
the lactic microflora studied, 164 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated and purified. This study
revealed the presence of 101 Cocci-shaped and 63 rod-shaped. The Coccids are represented by the
Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus; the genus Lactobacillus is detected and
identified in varying proportions. This diversity could be developed to have an interest in the cheese
manufacturing of the Jben type, particularly in its valorization, and thus could be used as a probiotic
indication for health.

Kernel Matrix Based Textile Image Categorization Using Machine Learning

Rıfat Aşlıyan — 2024-07-25

Today, just as text and audio data are rapidly increasing, visual data is also growing at a fast
pace. In textile technology, fabric patterns, and images have encountered a similar expansion.
Consequently, resolving this large volume of data becomes a significant problem. We need efficient
classification to quickly access this data, and this categorization process should be automated using
machine learning techniques. In our study, we have constructed the systems for classifying textile images
using machine learning methods such as Multilayer Perceptron, Support Vector Machines, and K-Nearest
Neighbors. The textile dataset consists of color and grayscale images, divided into training and test sets.
Models are trained using the training data, and their decision-making performance is evaluated using the
test data. During model generation, preprocessing is performed first. All images are converted to black
and white. Edge detection filters like Sobel and Prewitt are applied to find the edges in the images.
Optionally, thinning can also be applied before this step. After preprocessing, feature extraction is carried
out. For each image, the frequency of matrices called kernel matrices, which slide over the image, is
calculated and normalized. This representation allows images to be transformed into vectors, which are
then used to train machine learning models. In the testing phase, commonly used metrics such as F-score
and Accuracy are employed to evaluate the performance of these systems. The developed models are
compared to each other, and the most successful methods are determined.

Microstructural Characterization of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Green Nanocomposites

Aqib Ali — 2024-07-25

The aim of this study was to enhance the microstructural activity of micro basalt-fiber
reinforced polymer (GP) mortars incorporating fly ash by adding Nano-Titania. Four distinct dosages of
titania were utilized to make GP mortars with 2% basalt fiber. The microstructural effects of the GP
mixes were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The
SEM analysis revealed that nano-Titania significantly improves the microstructure of GP. The XRD
results showed a rise in hump width between 25° and 35°, indicating the formation of calcium-silicate
hydrate (C-S-H). The incorporation of Nano-Titania into the GP matrix led to a denser microstructure,
contributing to improved mechanical properties. The study concludes that adding Nano-Titania to basalt
fiber-reinforced GP mortars enhances their microstructural characteristics, leading to potential
applications in advanced construction materials.

Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Doğal Sayılarda Çarpma İşlemi Ve Kesirlerde Çarpma İşleminde Problem Kurma Becerilerinin Kullandıkları Bağlam Türlerine Göre İncelenmesi

Fatmanur BAŞARAN — 2024-07-25

Kesirler öğrenciler tarafından anlamlandırılması zor olan konuların başında gelmektedir.
Öğrenciler kesirlerle işlemleri kavramsal olarak anlamlandırabilmeleri için problem kurma temelli
yaklaşımlar ele alınmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin doğal sayılarda çarpma işlemi ve
kesirlerde çarpma işleminde, serbest problem etkinlikleri yapılarak hangi bağlamda problem kurma
becerilerinin olduğunu tespit etmektir. Çalışmayı 2022-2023 ikinci döneminde Kocaeli ili İzmit ilçesinde
yer alan okullar arasından seçilen üç devlet ortaokulunda öğrenim gören 6. ve 7. sınıf seviyelerinden
oluşan 156 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yaklaşımları içerisinde yer alan betimsel
araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılmak amacıyla Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Matematik
Dersi Öğretim Programı’nda yer alan 6. Sınıf kazanımlarına uygun olarak ‘Kesirlerle Çarpma İşlemi
Problem Kurma Testi’ geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen testin uzman görüşü ve pilot çalışması yapılmıştır.
Öğrencilerin verdiği cevaplar ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiş, öğrencilerin problem kurmada 10 adet
bağlam türü kullandığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin verdikleri cevaplar frekans tablolarında
sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonucuna göre; doğal sayılarda çarpma işleminde problem kuran öğrencilerin en
fazla ‘alışveriş’ bağlamında problem kurdukları, öğrencilerin ‘uzunluk ölçme’ bağlamında problem
kurmadıkları, 11 öğrencinin problem kurmada bağlam kullanmadığı görülmüştür. Kesirlerde çarpma
işleminde problem kuran öğrencilerin ise en fazla ‘yemek’ bağlamında problem kurdukları, en az ise ‘yaş’
bağlamında problem kurdukları, 36 öğrencinin problem kurmada bağlam kullanmadığı görülmüştür.
Araştırma sonucuna göre problem kurmada kullandıkları bağlamları öğrenci seviyelerine göre
karşılaştırdığımızda doğal sayılarda çarpma işleminde 6.sınıf ve 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin en çok alışveriş
bağlamında problem kurdukları görülmüştür. Kesirlerde çarpma işlemine göre problem kurmada
kullandıkları bağlamları öğrenci seviyesine göre karşılaştırdığımızda ise 6.sınıf ve 7.sınıf öğrencilerinin
en çok yemek bağlamında problem kurdukları görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları ilgili literatür ışığında
tartışılmış, alanda yapılacak yeni çalışmalara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

The Effect of Adhesive Content on the Properties of Molded Particleboards

Muhabbet Doğan — 2024-07-25

–The type of adhesive and overlay material used in the production of molded particleboards
significantly influences the product properties. This study investigates the effect of different melamine
content in melamine urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive on the properties of molded particleboards.
Wood chips along with planer and sawdust were used as raw materials for the production of test samples.
The melamine content in the MUF adhesive was varied at 16%, 18%, and 20%. The physical and
technological properties of the test samples were determined to assess the impact of melamine content in
the MUF adhesive. The results indicate that as the melamine content in the MUF adhesive increases, the
bending and screw holding strengths of the boards also increase, while both hot and cold water resistance
improve. The lowest thickness swelling values were observed with 20% melamine content, with hot water
resistance at 1.48% and cold water resistance at 0.58%. The highest mechanical properties were also
achieved with 20% MUF, with a bending strength of 401.55 kgf/cm² and a screw holding strength of
18.16 kgf/mm.

The Story of Iskandar Zulqarnain in the Quran, Surah Al-Kahf Verses 83-93 According to Ahmad

Musthafa Al-Maragi — 2024-07-25

The Quran, revered as the holy scripture of Islam, embodies the divine revelations of Allah. It
serves as a comprehensive guide for Muslims, encompassing not only theological doctrines, ethical
precepts, and ritual practices, but also historical narratives and accounts.

Biofuel Technology: A Review

Sümeyye Arslan — 2024-07-25

Electrochemical batteries are rapidly gaining widespread application in the electric utility
sector as well as in transportation systems and accurate battery models are needed during the design
phase of such systems to predict future performance. Most Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
batteries on the market or in production today are AGM batteries. The electrolyte is immobilized by a
micro fiber glass mat. Their usable life is usually between 5 and 10 years and cycle life is between 200
and 500 cycles (80% DOD). Their lifespan is restricted by an increase in internal resistance and
consequently a decrease in capacity. Alongside lead acid batteries, AGM batteries will be more
prominent in the future. AGM batteries are widely used thanks to their maintenance-free and high safety
standards. The use of AGM batteries is increasing day by day by evaluating battery performance with
various studies and models. Compared to flooded batteries, they have lower levels of electrical
resistance and electrolyte stratification. It also provides a more flexible usage area due to its high gas
efficiency. AGM batteries with long discharge depth will provide various benefits to the user in the
current technology and in the future.

Machine Learning Supported Antenna Design for UHF RFID Applications

Emre Aksoy — 2024-07-25

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) systems are crucial for automatic identification and
tracking processes in various industries, including logistics, supply chain management, retail, healthcare,
and security. This study primarily aims to design antennas for UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID
applications and subsequently enhance these designs using machine learning algorithms. For UHF band
antenna design, the frequency range of 860-960 MHz is utilized. Traditional antenna design methods
often rely on iterative and time consuming processes, which may not fully exploit the potential design
space. In this paper, machine learning algorithms are integrated to improve the efficiency and
effectiveness of antenna design. The research applies machine learning algorithms to determine optimal
values for factors such as the dimensions of the RFID antenna and the location of the feed. Models are
trained on a dataset to rapidly predict and optimize new designs. The optimized design achieved an
optimal S11 value of -35.80 dB at 870 MHz using the Gradient Boosting algorithm, showing a significant
improvement in resonant frequency. Multiple machine learning models were used, with Gradient
Boosting and Random Forest showing the best performance, achieving RMSE values of 1.24 and 1.52,
and R2 values of 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. The findings highlight the potential of machine learning to
optimize antenna design, offering more efficient and cost-effective solutions for UHF RFID applications.

Students Perception towads Digital Teaching in Higher Education Institution

Rohani M.M Yusoff — 2024-07-25

In recent years, there has been a notable transformation in the educational landscape, marked by
a significant shift towards digital teaching methodologies driven by technological advancements. The
significance of digital teaching became especially evident during the pandemic era, where educators and
students faced challenges in adapting to online teaching and learning. This study aims to explore the impact
of digital teaching on the effectiveness of students' learning experiences, focusing on three main objectives:
(i) examining students' perceptions towards digital learning, (ii) identifying factors influencing students'
engagement in digital learning, and (iii) exploring the relationship between student perception and
engagement in digital teaching. Data collection involved a self-reported survey administered to 150
respondents from Polytechnic Seberang Perai. Results revealed a higher mean in student perception (2.97)
and student engagement (2.81), indicating majority agreement with the survey items. Correlation analysis
demonstrated a significant relationship between student perception and engagement towards digital
teaching, as evidenced by a Pearson correlation coefficient with a p-value < 0.001. However, the correlation
was moderate, accounting for 43.7% of the variance. This study suggests that future research should delve
deeper into the issue of engagement in digital teaching by not only considering institutional and student
perceptions but also focusing on appropriate instructional design models and associated learning theories
and principles for effective utilization of digital teaching methods.

tudy Of The Evolution Of The Fractal Dimension Of Soil Gains During Compaction

Aldjia Bouzeboudja — 2024-07-25

The study of the shape and texture of grains (angularity, sphericity and roughness) plays a very
important role in better understanding the mechanical behavior of granular media. This affects their
strength, their compactness, their particle size, etc. However, Euclidean geometry which does not study
irregular real objects cannot completely satisfy this study. This is why we use the fractal dimension to
properly describe a complex structure composed of irregular soil grains. SO; It is necessary to
characterize the shape of the grain with methods of calculating the fractal dimension, such as the area
perimeter method used, which is a number that measures the degree of irregularity and fragmentation of a
grain, before and after each test carried out. Our work is an experimental study carried out in the
laboratory with the Proctor test for the grains of the limestone material. To understand its behavior, it is
important to analyze the correlation between the fractal dimension and the characteristics obtained during
the different Proctor tests. The results obtained show that the variation of the calculated fractal dimension,
corresponding to the crushing effect of the grains, is strongly influenced by their shape, their size, their
particle size distribution, the number of blows, the compaction energy and the number of layers made.
This confirms that the fractal dimension is a very effective tool for measuring and understanding the
physical and mechanical properties of granular materials.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CUSTOMER’S NEEDS OF SECURITY AND CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE IN DELIGHTING CUSTOMER

Syed Abdul Kadir Syed Mohd — 2024-07-25

Telecommunication is one of the leading industry in Malaysia. Telekom Malaysia as the leader
and service provider in this industry besides Maxis and Celcom. This study focuses on Unify services
which provide land line services for household. Delighting customer has been the upmost priority of
Telekom Malaysia , while the customer’s have the needs which are (i) needs of justice , (ii) needs of security
and (iii) needs of self esteem as according to Schneider and Bowen (1999) that needed to be fulfilled in
order for the customer to be delighted. Hence this study focuses on analysing the relationship these needs
and customer delight with mediating variable of customer experience. for the purpose of this study only the
need of security will studies.The objectives of the study is (i)To determine the relationship of the needs of
security on customer experience towards customer delight, , (ii)To examine the mediating role of customer
experience on the relationship between the needs of security and and customer delight. . The finding shows
that all domains showed a high and quality reliability analysis outcome with Cronbach`s alpha of more than
0.70. Besides, the factor analysis has recorded that the customer delight was significantly influenced by the
needs of security as a full mediation, More research are needed in studying the needs of customer and
customer delight.

The Relationship between Supply Chain Management and Total Quality Management: Impact on Business Performance and Productivity

Ayşenur ERDİL — 2024-07-25

The great competitive environment in the world markets forces business managers to do the best
of the best. Today's managers want to achieve the best, not better, in quality, customer service, job
satisfaction and innovation and differentiation. A measurement and audit system to improve performance
for performance management on the way to achieve excellence gains particular importance. In a global
competitive environment, businesses need to be involved in a supply chain in order to survive and adapt to
competitive conditions because it is very difficult for them to survive and increase their market shares alone.
It is no longer a question of competition between businesses, but of competition between the supply chains
in which these businesses are located. With the effective management of the supply chain, higher quality
products have started to be produced at lower costs. The fact that businesses produce better quality goods
causes them to gain competitive advantage and increase their market share. Therefore, the importance of
the concept of quality has started to be realized and they have understood that quality must be ensured
throughout the entire supply chain. Businesses that cannot fully grasp the concept of quality and do not
attach importance to it are doomed not to survive much in this competitive environment. For this reason,
businesses need to focus more on Supply Chain Management and Total Quality Management to improve
their performance. Within the scope of the study, the concept of performance of enterprises, its importance,
supply chain, supply chain management and total quality management concepts are emphasized. The
impact of business performance and productivity on the supply chain management of the business and the
relationship of these approaches and impact with the total quality management of the business were tried
to be evaluated.