Oreochromis niloticus'un Dalak Dokusunda Diazinon'un Neden Olduğu Değişikliklerin Histopatolojik Olarak İncelenmesi
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Histopatoloji, Dalak, Oreochromis Niloticus, Diazinon, İmmünotoksik DeğişikliklerAbstract
Su ortamlarında, balıklar genellikle çevre kirliliğinin su ekosistemleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek için tercih edilen organizmalar olarak kabul edilir. Histolojik inceleme; kirleticilere maruz kalmanın bir indikatörü olarak, özellikle subletal ve kronik etkiler için kirlilik derecesini değerlendirmede yararlı bir yöntemdir, çünkü pestisitlerin eser seviyeleri, verilen bir periyotta hayvanın ölümüne neden olmaz, fakat bu seviyeler, organlarda önemli zararlar meydana getirme etkisinde olabilirler. Fonksiyonlardaki değişiklikler hücresel seviye ve dokulardaki değişikliklerle başlatılır. Su ekosistemlerinde meydana gelen bir kirlenmeyi belirlemek için örnek canlılarda yapılacak histolojik incelemeler, o ekosistemin sağlığı açısından bize yararlı bilgiler sunabilir. Balık türlerinde dalak birincil lenfoid organlardan biridir ve ayrıca kan hücrelerinin oluşumu ve antijenlerin depolanması açısından en önemli organdır. Ayrıca balıklardaki hastalıklara ve kirleticilere karşı oluşan savunma mekanizmasıyla da bağlantılıdır. Bu çalışmada, ışık mikroskobu ile diazinon standardının subletal konsantrasyonuna maruz bırakılan Oreochromis niloticus'un dalak dokusunda maruziyet süresine bağlı olarak histopatolojik değişikliklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında balıklar 21 gün süreyle 280 µg/L (LC50/10) diazinona maruz bırakılmıştır. Daha sonra 7., 14. ve 21. günlerde dalak dokusunda meydana gelen histopatolojik değişiklikler ışık mikroskobu ile incelenmiştir. Histopatolojik inceleme sonucunda dalak dokusunda melanomakrofaj merkezleri, piknoz, hipertrofi ve nekroz saptanmıştır. Bu değişikliklerin şiddeti, maruz kalma süresiyle birlikte artmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre, diazinon'un Oreochromis niloticus'un dalak dokusunda çevresel kontaminasyonun immünotoksik biyobelirteçleri olarak kullanılabilecek histopatolojik değişikliklere neden olduğu varsayılabilir.
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