Scientific Research on Soil Presence of Bacteria and Heavy Metals, Middle Albania.

Abstract

–For the realization of this scientific work, we have focused on innovative techniques that are used to determine the chemical and bacterial contamination of the soil. In this scientific study, we have presented data on bacteria and chemical elements that are the cause of the pollution of underground layers. Based on the results obtained, we can confirm the soil pollution for the Elbasan area, reinforcing the fact that the current soil pollution is an important factor that affects the resident’s quality of life. To reach a concrete scientific work, we took five soil championships up to 50 centimeters of depth during the September-November 2022 period. The samples taking was carried out mainly in the areas where the light and heavy industries of Elbasan carry out their activity. We have reached chemical and bacterial data that serve as a soil pollution factor, which for the analyzed period are presented for the first time. We point out the fact that the Elbasan area has always been considered as the most polluted in Albania, pollution that is mainly dedicated to atmospheric pollution. Among the primary factors of this pollution, we mention the abusive activity to the detriment of the environment, both light and heavy industries. As a conclusion based on the impressive data obtained, we encounter a level of chemical pollution of the soil, mainly from the nickel (Ni), part of heavy metals, present in rates up to 2.5 times more than the established standards from the EU Regulation. We are of the opinion that the bacterial and chemical pollution of the soil comes mainly from the human activities in agriculture, the mismanagement of waste water and moreover the abusive industrial activity.