ACUTE AND CHRONİC DEGREE OF TOXICITY IN TRAMADOL CONSUMPTİON ON PLASMA PROTEIN, ASPARTATE AMİNOTRANSFERASE (AST), ALANİNE AMİNOTRANSFERASE (ALT) AND ALKALİNE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) İN ADULT WISTAR RATS

Abstract

Although the mechanism of hepatotoxicity from tramadol overdoses is unknown, it is most likely caused by direct hepatocellular injury, either as a result of ischemia or mitochondrial toxicity. Overdosing on tramadol has been reported to cause acute liver failure. Tramadol-related minor enzyme increases are often asymptomatic, self-limited, and resolve even when medication is continued. This investigation examines the short- and long-term effects of tramadol use on liver enzymes in an animal model. The study involved sixty (60) mature Wistar rats of both sexes. Tramadol (300g) were administered to the animals in the experimental and control groups in the following ways: Before being sacrificed, Group A (n = 5 Males and 5 Females) received no treatment within the study's time frame. Group B (n = 5 Males and 5 Females) received tramadol 30 mg/kg body weight for 7 days and were sacrificed; Group C (n = 5 Males and 5 Females) received tramadol 30 mg/kg body weight for 14 days and were sacrifice; Group D (n = 5 Males and 5 Females) received tramadol 30 mg/kg body weight for 21 days and were sacrifice, Group E (n = 5 Male and 5 Female) received tramadol 30 mg/kg body weight for 42 days and were sacrificed, while Group F (n = 5 Male and 5 Female) withdrew for 3 weeks after receiving tramadol 30 mg/kg for three weeks before sacrificing. Liver was removed from the animals for biochemical examination. The findings of the SPSS analysis on the generated data were expressed as mean SEM. After three and six weeks of tramadol administration, the results obtained demonstrated a progressive increase in weight and an increase in the activities of ALT, ALP, and AST in the plasma while decreasing the level of total protein, albumin, direct bilirubin as well as indirect bilirubin as compared to the control rats. Therefore, this study comes to the conclusion that tramadol has harmful effects, both acute and chronic, on the structure and operation of hepatic tissue in wistar rats. As a result, tramadol use needs to be monitored.