USE OF INDIGENOUS PLANT EXTRACTS TO MANAGE ALMOND MOTH, EPHESTIA CAUTELLA IN STORED DATES
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Keywords:
Ephestia Cautella, Stored Dates, Plant Extracts, Management, Qualitative, Quantitative LossesAbstract
Ephestia cautella is a serious pest of dates both in the field as well as in storage with an average infestation rate of 16.8%. However, the fruit losses may reach to 100% if appropriate control measures are not applied. Plant extracts are the most biodegradable, less toxic to mammals and environment friendly and one of the best alternatives to chemicals to manage stored commodities. In this study, the suitability of indigenous plant extracts of olive leaves, bhang leaves, neem leaves, rhizomes of turmeric and seeds of ajwain were tested against E. cautella. The study parameters included number of egg per grain, number of holes per grain, percentage reduction of F1 adults emerged, percent inhibition rate, percent weight loss of grains and adult mortality. All the tested plant extracts were effective against E. cautella as compared to the control. The lowest number of 0.43 eggs was observed in dates treated with plant extract of Azadirachta indica compared with the control with 3.77 eggs. All plant extracts significantly reduced number of holes made by E. cautella as compared to the control, which provided the maximum 1.90 holes. The minimum number of F1 adults (3.07) of E. cautella was recorded in dates treated with plant extract of A. indica. The minimum weight loss of 4.51% was recorded in A. indica treated dates, which was statistically different from all other plant extracts. The maximum adult mortality 6.1, 8.53 and 10.0 after 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively, was observed in the treated dates with extract of A. indica. The results of this study will lead to development of effective formulations of indigenous plant extracts as bio-pesticides against pests of stored dates to avoid nutritional, qualitative and quantitative losses.
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