Biogas: A Sustainable Energy Solution for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Keywords:
Biogas, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Anaerobic Digestion, Renewable EnergyAbstract
One of the greatest challenges that societies face now and in the future is the reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change. Therefore, the preference for biogas over fossil
fuels is crucial. Biogas can be produced from various organic waste streams or as a byproduct of
industrial processes. It offers several advantages, including not only energy production but also the
decomposition of organic waste through anaerobic digestion, mitigation of odor emissions, prevention of
pathogen release, among others. Additionally, the nutrient-rich digested residues can be used as fertilizer
for recycling nutrients back into fields. However, the quantity of available organic materials for biogas
production is limited. Hence, there is a need for new substrates and advanced technologies for biogas
production worldwide. Significant advancements have been made in addressing these limitations through
the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass, the development of high-rate systems, and the application of
membrane technologies in the anaerobic digestion process. The breakdown of organic matter requires
synchronized movement of different groups of microorganisms with varying metabolic capacities. The
unsustainable use of fossil fuels underscores the environmental impact of greenhouse gases, prompting
research into renewable energy production from organic sources and waste. Global energy demand is
high, with the majority being derived from fossil sources. Recent studies highlight anaerobic digestion as
an efficient alternative that combines biofuel production with sustainable waste management.
Technological research efforts are ongoing to enhance biogas production and quality within the biogas
industry.
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