Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungus And Bacterium Against Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) in Stored Dates
Abstract views: 23
/ 
PDF downloads: 24
Keywords:
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis, Metarhizum Anisopliae, Xenorhabdus Nematophila, Mortality And ConcentrationsAbstract
Saw toothed beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) is regarded as the
most devastating insect pest in stored dates. Adults and larvae feed on dates by making tunnels between
the external fruit skin and flesh. Theentomopathogenic fungus and bacterium, Metarhizium anisopliae and
Xenorhabdus nematophila was used as bio-control agents against this serious pest (O. surinamensis). Five
concentrations of entomopathogenic fungus and bacterium (1×10⁴, 1×10⁵, 1×10⁶, 1×10⁷ and 1×10⁸) were
prepared; each replicated thrice for bioassays to determine their aptness against O. surinamensis.
Haemocytometer was used for counting spores and spectrophotometer used for counting bacterial cells
and colonies. To conduct insect bioassays, infested date fruits will be collected from different localities;
O. surinamensis culture will be maintained in an incubator at 30-32°C temperature and 70-75% relative
humidity in the ‘Stored Product Entomology Laboratory’. Mortality of O. surinamensis was directly
proportional to the concentration of M. anisopliae and X. nematophila. Highest mortality was recorded at
concentration of 1×10⁸ spores/ml all beetles were died after 6 days, on the other hand the highest
mortality was observed at the concentration 1×10⁸ cells/ ml all beetles were died after 5 days and vice
versa. X. nematophila showed better results as compared to M. anisopliae. This effective control strategy
has significant contribution towards development of commercial microbial formulations of M. anisopliae
and X. nematophila and is recommended to be a part of integrated pest management of Saw toothed
beetle.
Downloads
References
Mallah, N. A., Sahito, H. A., Kousar, T., Kubar, W. A., Jatoi, F. A., & Shah, Z. H. (2016). Susceptibility of different varieties of stored date palm fruits infested by saw tooth grain beetle, Oryzaephilussurinamensis (L., 1758) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 4, 438-443.
Latifian, M., & Rad, B. 2012. Pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Beauveria brongniartiisaccardo and Metarhizumanisopliaemetsch to adult oryctes elegans prell and effects on feeding and fecundity. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop sciences, 4, 1026 – 1032.
Menn, J.J., 1996. Biopesticides: Has their time come? Journal of Environmental Sciences. Health, Part B: pesticides, Food contam. Agric. Wastes, 31, 383-389.
Cox, P. D., M. E. Wakefield, N. R. Price, K. B. Wildey, D. Moore, M. A. de Muro and B. A. Bell, 2003. Entomopathogenic Fungi for the control of Invertebrate pests in storage structures. In Advances in Stored Product Protection: proceeding of the 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, Credaland, P. F., D. M. Armitage, C. H. Bell, P. M, Cogan, and E. Highley (Eds.). CAB International, Wallingford, UK., PP:87-94.
Cox, P. D., M. E. Wakefield, N. Price, K. B. Wildey and J. Chambers et al., 2004. The potential use of insect- specific fungi to control grain storage pests in empty grain stores. HGCA Project Report No. 341, July 2004, USA, pp: 1- 50.
Butt, T. M. &Goettel, M. S. 2000. Bioassays of entomogenous fungi. In Bioassays of Entomopathogenic Microbes and Nematodes (A. Navon & K. R. S. Ascher, eds): 141±195. CAB International, Wallingford.
Inglis, G. D., Goettel, M. S., Butt, T. M., & Strasser, H. E. R. M. A. N. N. (2001). Use of hyphomycetous fungi for managing insect pests. Fungi as biocontrol agents, 23-69.
Morgan, J., Sergent, M., Ellis, D., Ousley, M. & Jarrett, P.,2001. Sequence Analysis of Insecticidal Genes from Xenorhabdusnematophilus PMFI296. Applied and environmental microbiology, 67: 2062–2069.
Sergeant, M., Jarrett, P., Ousley, M. & Morgan, J. A. W., 2003. Interactions of insecticidal toxin gene products from Xenorhabdusnematophilus PMFI296. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69: 3344–3349.
Boemare, N. E., Boyer-giglio, M. H., Thaler, J. O., Akhurst, R. j., &Brehelin, M. 1992. Lysogeny and bacteriocinogeny in Xenorhabdusnematophilus and other Xenorhabdus spp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58 (9), 3032-3037.
Akhurst, R. J.,1982. Antibiotic activity of Xenorhabdus spp., bacteria symbiotically associated with insect pathogenic nematodes of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae. Journal of General Microbiology, 128: 3061–3065.
Forst, S., & Kim, D. (2005). Xenorhabdusnematophila: mutualist and pathogen. ASM News, 71(4), 174-178.
Latifian, M., & Rad, B. (2015). A Study on the Efficiency of Beauveria Bassiana Isolate Inoculation Release for Oryzaephilussurinamensis Control in Date Store. Journal of Entomology, 12(1), 80-38.
Khashaveh, A., &Chelav, H. S. 2013. Laboratory bioassay of Iranian isolates of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhiziumanisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against two species of storage pest. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 78(1), 35-40.
Khashaveh, A., Gusta, Y., Safaralizadeh, M. H., &Ziaee, M. 2010. The use of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. in assays with storage grain beetles. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 13, 35-43.
Ng'ang'a, P. 2015. In Silico and Molecular Analysis of Xpta Protein Toxin Genes of Xenorhabdus Sp. and Efficacy of the Bacterium on Sitophilus Zeamais and ProstephanusTruncatus(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Richards, G. R., & Goodrich-Blair, H. 2010. Examination of Xenorhabdusnematophila lipases in pathogenic and mutualistic host interactions reveals a role for xlpA in nematode progeny production. Applied and environmental microbiology, 76(1), 221-229.
