MANAGEMENT OF LESSER GRAIN BORER IN WHEAT GRAINS BY USING COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE MICROBIAL PESTICIDE
Abstract views: 5 / PDF downloads: 3
Keywords:
Lesser Grain Borer, Tracer, Weight Loss, Mortality, ManagementAbstract
Wheat is the third largest food crop of the world, and Pakistan is the eighth largest wheat
producing country globally. The lesser grain borer is a primary pest of stored grains in many regions of
the world. It is injurious to cereals; breeds in corn, rice, wheat, and in other substrates containing starch.
The highest reduction in fecundity of this pest was observed when grains were treated with concentrations
of 0.5 ml and 0.75 ml resulting 5.22 and 5.26 eggs per grain, respectively. With the increasing
concentration of Tracer, the emergence rate of F1 adults decreased as compared to the control. The
maximum number (21.46 F1 adults) was recorded when we applied 0.25 ml of concentration in the wheat
grains. On the other hand, the least number of newly emerged adults (18.06) reported in the jar that was
treated with concentration of 0.75 ml. All the concentrations were statistically different from each other
and resulted in effective virulence against this insect except the control, where 84.65% weight loss was
reported. Among concentrations, the highest percent weight loss (21.47%) was caused by the
concentration (0.25 ml) whereas concentration of 0.75 ml was the most effective, with less than 10%
weight loss to wheat grains. The mortality of the insect was increased with the increase in concentration
of bio-pesticide. The highest mortality was observed in concentration of 0.75 ml with 4, 7 and 8.5 dead
adults, after 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively.
Downloads
References
Alvi, A. H., Sayyed, A. H., Naeem, M., & Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in Pakistan. PloS one, 7(10), e47309.
AO, P., Osipitan, A. A., Afolabi, C. G., & Oke, O. A. (2015). Biological control of larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn)(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) with entomopathogenic fungi-Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) vaillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae).
Ayalew, G. (2016). Efficacy of BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) Against Whiteflies on Poinsettia and Dahlia. Agriculture, Forestry andFisheries, 5(5), 181-185
Athanassiou, C. G., Kavallieratos, N. G., Chintzoglou, G. J., Peteinatos, G. G., Boukouvala, M. C., Petrou, S. S., & Panoussakis, E. C. (2008). Effect of temperature and commodity on insecticidal efficacy of spinosad dust against Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 101(3), 976-981.
Beegle, C. C. (1996). Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis against lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6(1), 15-22.
Chaston, J. M., Suen, G., Tucker, S. L., Andersen, A. W., Bhasin, A., Bode & Cowles, K. N. (2011). The entomopathogenic bacterial endosymbionts Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus: convergent lifestyles from divergent genomes. PloS one, 6(11), e27909.
Chaudhry, M. Q., & Anwar, M. (1988). Protection of stored food grains in villages: suitability of different grain receptacles for phosphine fumigation. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (Pakistan).
Chintzoglou, G. J., Athanassiou, C. G., Markoglou, A. N., & Kavallieratos, N. G. (2008). Influence of commodity on the effect of spinosad dust against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)(Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). International Journal of Pest Management, 54(4), 277-285.
Collins, W. D., Bitz, C. M., Blackmon, M. L., Bonan, G. B., Bretherton, C. S., Carton, J. A., ... & Kiehl, J. T. (2006). The community climate system model version 3 (CCSM3). Journal of Climate, 19(11), 2122-2143.
Copping, L. G., & Menn, J. J. (2000). Biopesticides: a review of their action, applications and efficacy. Pest Management Science: Formerly Pesticide Science, 56(8), 651-676.
Chittenden, F. H. (1911). The fig moth. US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology,104.
Daglish, G. J., Head, M. B., & Hughes, P. B. (2008). Field evaluation of spinosad as a grain protectant for stored wheat in Australia: efficacy against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and fate of residues in whole wheat and milling fractions. Australian Journal of Entomology, 47(1), 70-74.
Ekesi, S., Egwurube, E., Akpa, A., & Onu, I. (2001). Laboratory evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of the groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus on groundnut. Journal of Stored Products Research, 37(4), 313-321.
Edde, P. A., Toews, M. D., & Phillips, T. W. (2011). Effects of Various Semiochemicals on the Responses of Rhyzopertha dominica to Pheromone Traps in the Field. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 104(6), 1297-1302.
Fang, L., & Subramanyam, B. (2003). Activity of spinosad against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is not affected by wheat temperature and moisture. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 529-532.
Ghassemi, M., Fargo, L., Painter, P., Painter, P., Quinlivan, S., Scofield, R., & Takata, A. M. (1981). Environmental fates and impacts of major forest use pesticides. TRW Environmental Division.
Lorini, I., & Galley, D. J. (1999). Deltamethrin resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), a pest of stored grain in Brazil. Journal of Stored Products Research, 35(1), 37-45.
Mahdneshin, Z., Safaralizadah, M. H., & Ghosta, Y. (2009). Study on the Efficacy of Iranian Isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin against Rhyzopertha dominica F.(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal ofBiological Sciences, 9(2), 170-174.
Mertz, F. P., & Yao, R. C. (1990). Saccharopolyspora spinosa sp. nov. isolated from soil collected in a sugar mill rum still. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 40(1), 34-39.
Nathan, S. S., & Kalaivani, K. (2005). Efficacy of nucleopolyhedrovirus and azadirachtin on Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biological Control, 34(1), 93-98.
Potter, C. (1935). The biology and distribution of Rhizopertha dominica (Fab.). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 83(4), 449-482.
Phillips, T. W., & Throne, J. E. (2010). Biorational approaches to managing stored-product insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 55.
Price, L. A., & Mills, K. A. (1988). The toxicity of phosphine to the immature stages of resistant and susceptible strains of some common stored product beetles, and implications for their control. Journal of Stored Products Research, 24(1), 51-59.
Ruiu, L., Satta, A., & Floris, I. (2013). Emerging entomopathogenic bacteria for insect pest management. Bull Insectol, 66(2), 181-186.
Shuaib, M., Zeb, A., Ali, Z., Ali, W., Ahmad, T., & Khan, I. (2007). Characterization of wheat varieties by seed storageprotein electrophoresis. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(5).
Subramanyam, R., & Krishnan, M. S. (2003). Empirical analysis of ck metrics for object-oriented design complexity: Implications for software defects. IEEE Transactions on software engineering, 29(4), 297-310.
Williams, H., Silverstein, R., Burkholder, W., & Khorramshahi, A. (1981). Dominicalure 1 and 2: Components of aggregation pheromone from male lesser grain borerRhyzopertha dominica (F.)(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 7(4), 759-780.
Zettler, L. J., & Cuperus, G. W. (1990). Pesticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83(5), 1677-1681.