Nutrient-Pathogen Interactions in Agriculture: Mechanisms, Relationships, and Sustainable Practices
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14188710Keywords:
Soil Health, Disease Resistance, Integrated Nutrient Management, Organic, Precision AgricultureAbstract
Soil health contributes to environmental quality, supports biodiversity, maintains biological
productivity, enhances water filtration, improves nutrient cycling, and promotes ecosystem resilience.
Additionally, it is a pivotal driver in increasing plant growth and fortifying disease resistance. When the
soil is inadequate, plants are particularly vulnerable to soil-borne bacterial and fungal diseases, which can
be among the most harmful threats to agricultural productivity. Poor soil structure, nutrient imbalances,
and low microbial diversity can weaken plant defenses, increasing susceptibility to pathogens. To manage
these, balancing macro and micronutrients is essential. This review covers the critical roles of macro- and
micronutrients not only in supporting fundamental plant processes but also in activating natural defense
mechanisms against pathogens. Additionally, it focuses on how they strengthen physical and biochemical
barriers, modulate the soil microbiome, and influence interactions with pathogens. Furthermore, it
highlights organic amendments, biofertilizers, and integrated nutrient management (INM) approaches as
effective strategies for balancing soil fertility while promoting disease suppression. It also discusses
precision agriculture, which minimizes environmental impacts and improves crop resilience, while
exploring innovative pathways to optimize nutrient use efficiency through the use of advanced
technologies. Ultimately, the study concludes that maintaining soil health through balanced nutrient
management is crucial for enhancing plant growth, disease resistance, and environmental sustainability. It
recommends the adoption of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices, organic amendments, and
the use of precision agriculture techniques to optimize nutrient use and mitigate disease risks. Further
research is needed to explore the synergistic effects of soil amendments and microbial communities in
supporting plant health and resilience, paving the way for more sustainable agricultural practices.
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