An Extensive Overview of Polysaccharide-Derived Biopolymers in Food Packaging Applications

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive overview of biopolymers based on polysaccharides and their uses in food packaging. It highlights current technologies and recent advancements, focusing on the functional properties that enable these biopolymers to maintain food quality and prolong shelf life. The growing environmental concerns of traditional packaging materials, particularly plastics, have sparked a global transition towards sustainable alternatives. Biopolymers have emerged as a promising solution, offering renewable and biodegradable properties that align with the increasing demand for eco-friendly packaging solutions. Among these biopolymers, polysaccharide-derived materials such as cellulose, starch, and chitosan have demonstrated exceptional effectiveness in food packaging applications due to their superior film-forming capabilities, gas barrier properties, and inherent biodegradability. Polysaccharide-based biopolymers play a crucial role in preserving food quality and extending shelf life by effectively minimizing oxygen penetration and moisture loss. Their versatility is further enhanced by the unique functional properties of specific polysaccharides, particularly the antimicrobial activity exhibited by chitosan, which makes them particularly suitable for active packaging systems aimed at ensuring food safety and freshness. The adoption of these sustainable materials is driven not only by regulatory pressures and consumer preferences but also by their capacity to meet functional requirements while simultaneously reducing environmental impact. As advancements in biopolymer technology continue to enhance their mechanical and barrier properties, polysaccharide-derived biopolymers are increasingly recognized as viable alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Their integration into industrial applications represents a critical step towards achieving global sustainability goals while ensuring the quality and safety of packaged foods. By addressing existing challenges and capitalizing on ongoing research, these materials possess the potential to revolutionize the packaging industry and make substantial contributions to mitigating plastic pollution.