Experimental Study on Direct Hydrogen Injection in a SI Engine with a Mechanical Injector
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Keywords:
Hydrogen-Fueled Engine, Specific Fuel Consumption, Thermal Efficiency, Torque, Direct Injection, Mechanical InjectorAbstract
This study investigates the modification of a single-cylinder, air-cooled, four-stroke spark
ignition internal combustion engine for hydrogen direct injection using a mechanically actuated injector.
The cylinder head was redesigned to integrate a mechanical hydrogen injector synchronized with the intake
valve. To assess the injector's performance, various measurement instruments were installed on the test
engine, ensuring the collection of key operational parameters. Safety mechanisms were implemented to
guarantee a secure hydrogen injection process. The engine was tested under different throttle positions (20°
to 40°) and speeds (1000-3500 rpm), with recorded data including torque, net mechanical output, specific
fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, and volumetric efficiency. Results indicated that hydrogen operation
yielded a torque range of 4-5 Nm, thermal efficiency (TE) between 32.2% and 34.9%, and specific fuel
consumption (SFC) values ranging from 86 to 112 g/kWh at a 20° throttle angle. The maximum torque
recorded was 8 Nm at 20° butterfly opening, with a specific fuel consumption of 930 g/kWh and thermal
efficiency of 3.45%. The optimal operating conditions were identified at TE 34.91% with an SFC of 86
g/kWh at 1.2 Nm torque at a 20° throttle opening. Notably, issues such as knocking, pre-ignition, and
backfire, which are common in hydrogen manifold injection systems, were not observed. This study
introduces a novel approach, as prior research has not utilized a mechanically actuated hydrogen injector
synchronized with the intake valve for direct hydrogen injection into the combustion chamber.
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