Blasting Design Strategies for Variable Iron Ore Lithologies: Enhancing Recovery and Reducing Dilution
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Keywords:
Iron Ore Mining, Blasting Optimization, Dilution Control, Fragmentation, Geotechnical Factors, Sustainable MiningAbstract
This study investigates the impact of blasting design on ore recovery and dilution in iron ore
deposits with varying physical and geomechanical characteristics, particularly hematite and limonite zones.
The research focuses on the sublevel stoping method applied at the Karaçat Underground Iron Mine in
Turkey, where stratigraphic structure, ore lithology, and fault zones were taken into account to optimize
blasting patterns, charge quantities, and delay timings.
Based on field data, it was observed that higher charge densities in hematite-rich, hard rock zones
effectively reduced large block formation, while lower charge amounts in more porous limonite zones
minimized dilution. Post-blast fragmentation analysis demonstrated a 10% improvement in specific charge
efficiency and more uniform fragmentation. Moreover, the use of delay blasting techniques significantly
reduced ground vibrations and helped maintain ground stability.
This study reveals that lithology-specific blasting strategies play a critical role in minimizing ore loss and
enhancing mining efficiency. The findings offer site-specific recommendations for sustainable blasting
practices in heterogeneous ore environments.
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