The role of epigenetic in cancer cases
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Keywords:
Epigenetic, Cancer, Cancer CasesAbstract
Epigenetics is an emerging field of biology that concerns the elements that control gene
expression, but do not change the DNA sequence. This topic was selected because of its relevance in
several biological processes and diseases such as cancer [1]. Which of our genes and gene regulator
regions are and are not turned on (or off) is, in no small measure due to changes (epigenetic ones) to the
DNA such as DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA activity [2,3]. In contrast to
genetic mutations, which change the underlying DNA code permanently, reproducible, reversible
modifications due to epigenetics can be appealing targets for therapeutics [3].
Cancer is fiendishly complex and hard to understand and treat. It would be in relation with the positive of
proliferation and dissemination of tumoral cells. Although the gene mutations have been considered as
the predominant force driving cancer, the emerging insights on epigenetics have shown that the
epigenetic alterations take center stage during cancer initiation and progression [4]. These changes may
play on the cancer initiation and progression by way of activating oncogenes, inactivating tumor
suppressor genes, promoting the tumor microenvironment, etc [5]. Epigenetic modifications and changes
in epigenetic patterns need to further be understood to work on the novel diagnosis tools, prognosis and
personal medications as well so for the better patient survival [6,7].
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