Comparative Assessment of Chromatographic Methods in the Analysis of Industrial Air Pollutants: Technological Developments and Application Strategies of the Last Decade
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Keywords:
Industrial air pollution, emissions, chromatographic methods, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatographyAbstract
Industrial activities are indispensable to the economic and technological progress of modern
societies; however, they simultaneously generate considerable risks to environmental quality and human
health due to the release of atmospheric pollutants. Emissions from power plants, chemical processes,
metallurgical operations, petrochemical industries, and waste incineration facilities comprise a broad
spectrum of contaminants, including volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
pesticide residues, and heavy metal derivatives. These pollutants are well-documented for their toxic,
mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects, posing direct threats to public health while also causing persistent
disruptions in ecosystem dynamics. Accordingly, the accurate and reliable determination of such
substances, even at trace concentrations, is vital for the effective enforcement of environmental regulations
and the development of sustainable public health strategies.
Over the last decade, chromatographic techniques have become central to the monitoring and quantification
of industrial air pollutants. Gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) are widely employed for the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. Parallel
advancements in sampling techniques (e.g., passive and active sampling, thermal desorption,
microextraction approaches) and detector technologies (e.g., MS/MS, FLD, FID) have markedly improved
analytical sensitivity, precision, and environmental sustainability.
This review aims to provide a systematic overview of recent progress in chromatographic methods for
industrial air pollution monitoring, critically evaluate current applications, and identify emerging research
opportunities for future developments.
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