Development of Composite Materials from Phenol Formaldehyde Resins and Evaluation of Their Uses


Abstract views: 152 / PDF downloads: 171

Authors

  • Ahmet Beyzade Demirpolat Turgut Özal University
  • Ercan Aydoğmuş Fırat University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59287/ijanser.643

Keywords:

Phenol Formaldehyde, Composite Material, Thermal Stability, Mechanical Properties, Biomass Sources

Abstract

In this study, the properties, application areas, and use of phenol formaldehyde resins in composite materials have been investigated. The usage areas of phenol formaldehyde resins are getting more and more widespread. Composite materials are being developed by using them together with fibrous biomass sources. Besides, industrial wastes or inorganic fillers are also supplemented with phenol formaldehyde resin. While phenol formaldehyde-based composites are produced, wastes causing environmental pollution are evaluated and some properties of the composites are improved according to the purpose of use. Generally, organic fiber biomass wastes improve the mechanical properties of phenol formaldehyde-based composites. Inorganic industrial wastes also improve both the thermal stability and non-flammability of composites. Reinforcing materials used as fillers interact physically with phenol formaldehyde-based composites. However, biomass sources can also form chemical bonds with some modification processes. To reduce the use of petrochemical components in phenol formaldehyde-based composites, bioraw material syntheses have been carried out. Thus, new generation composites are being developed that are both environmentally friendly and have a low carbon footprint. Moreover, the reinforcement of hard-to-recycle plastics into phenol formaldehyde increases the workability of the composites.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Ahmet Beyzade Demirpolat, Turgut Özal University

Department of Electronics and Automation, Arapgir Vocational School, Malatya, Türkiye

Ercan Aydoğmuş, Fırat University

Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Elazığ, Türkiye

References

Jahanshaei, S., Tabarsa, T., Asghari, J., Eco-friendly tannin-phenol formaldehyde resin for producing wood composites. Pigment and Resin Technology, 2012: 41(5), 296-301.

Hasan, KF, Horváth, PG, Bak, M., Le, DHA, Mucsi, ZM ve Alpar, T., Rice straw and energy reed fibers reinforced phenol formaldehyde resin polymeric biocomposites. Cellulose, 2021: 28, 7859-7875.

Li, Z., Zhou, W., Yang, L., Chen, P., Yan, C., Cai, C., Shi, Y., Glass fiber-reinforced phenol formaldehyde resin-based electrical insulating composites fabricated by selective laser sintering. Polymers, 2019: 11(1), 135.

Sedliacik, J., Bekhta, P., Potapova, O., Technology of low-temperature production of plywood bonded with modified phenol-formaldehyde resin. Wood Research, 2010: 55(4), 123-130.

Hernandez-Padron, G., Rojas, F., Castano, V.M., Ordered SiO2–(phenolic-formaldehyde resin) in situ nanocomposites. Nanotechnology, 2003: 15(1), 98-103.

Rajab, M.A., Kader, E.I., Hammod, A.A., Hameed, A.H.I., Mechanical properties (Tensile, Hardness and Shock resistance) for the phenol formaldehyde resin with Epoxy resin). Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2019: 12(2), 35-43.

Kulikova, Y., Sliusar, N., Korotaev, V., Babich, O., Larina, V., Ivanova, S., Recovery and use of recycled carbon fibers from composites based on phenol-formaldehyde resins. Recycling, 2022: 7(2), 22.

Pervova, I.G., Klepalova, I.A., Lipunov, I.N., Recycling phenolic wastewater from phenol-formaldehyde resin production. Earth and Environmental Science, 2021: 666(4), 042032.

Atta-Obeng, E., Via, B., Fasina, O., Auad, M., Jiang, W., Cellulose reinforcement of phenol formaldehyde: characterization and chemometric elucidation. Scientific & Academic Publishing, 2013: 1-8.

Ibrahim, M.M., Ghani, A.M., Nen, N., Formulation of lignin phenol formaldehyde resins as a wood adhesive. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 2007: 11(1), 213-218.

Dremelj, A., Cerc Korošec, R., Pondelak, A., Mušič, B., Improved synthetic route of incorporation of nanosilicon species into phenol-formaldehyde resin and preparation of novel ZnAl-layered double-hydroxide hybrid phenol-formaldehyde resin. Polymers, 2022: 14(21), 4684.

Hasan, K.F., Horváth, P.G., Kóczán, Z., Le, D.H.A., Bak, M., Bejó, L., Alpár, T., Novel insulation panels development from multilayered coir short and long fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde polymeric biocomposites. Journal of Polymer Research, 2021: 467, 1-16.

Sarika, P. R., Nancarrow, P., Khansaheb, A., Ibrahim, T., Bio-based alternatives to phenol and formaldehyde for the production of resins. Polymers, 2020: 12(10), 2237.

X. Wang, Y. Deng, Y. Li, K. Kjoller, A. Royd, and S. Wang, In situ identification of the molecular-scale interactions of phenol-formaldehyde resin and wood cell walls using infrared nanospectroscopy. RSC Advances, 2016: 6, 76318.

A. H. Suzuki, F. C. Lage, L. S. Oliveira, and A. S. Franca, Biological Materials as Precursors for the Production of Resins. Advances in Environmental Research, 2016: 49, 1-39.

M. Purse, B. Holmes, M. Sacchi, and B. Howlin, Simulating the complete pyrolysis and charring process of phenol–formaldehyde resins using reactive molecular dynamics. Journal of Materials Science, 2022: 57, 7600-7620.

Zhao, X., Li, Y., Wang, J., Ouyang, Z., Li, J., Wei, G., Su, Z., Interactive oxidation–reduction reaction for the in situ synthesis of graphene–phenol formaldehyde composites with enhanced properties. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2014: 6(6), 4254-4263.

Savov, V., Valchev, I., Antov, P., Yordanov, I., Popski, Z., Effect of the adhesive system on the properties of fiberboard panels bonded with hydrolysis lignin and phenol-formaldehyde resin. Polymers, 2022: 14(9), 1768.

Hüseyin, A.S., İbrahim, K.I., Abdulla, K.M., Tannin-phenol formaldehyde resins as binders for cellulosic fibers: Natural Resources, 2011: 2(2), 98-101.

Sanjeevi, S., Shanmugam, V., Kumar, S., et al., Effects of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hybrid natural fibre/phenol formaldehyde composites. Scientific Reports, 2021: 11(1), 13385.

Downloads

Published

2023-05-09

How to Cite

Demirpolat, A. B., & Aydoğmuş, E. (2023). Development of Composite Materials from Phenol Formaldehyde Resins and Evaluation of Their Uses. International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches, 7(4), 158–162. https://doi.org/10.59287/ijanser.643

Conference Proceedings Volume

Section

Articles