Afetlerin Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri ve Psikososyal Destek Mekanizmalarının Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract views: 46
/ 
PDF downloads: 41
Keywords:
Afetler, Ruh Sağlığı, Psikososyal Destek, Toplumsal Dayanıklılık, Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB), Risk Faktörleri, Koruyucu Faktörler, Psikolojik İlk Yardım, Multidisipliner Yaklaşım, Kültüre Duyarlı MüdahalelerAbstract
Bu makale, afetlerin toplum ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini ve psikososyal destek mekanizmalarının
etkinliğini incelemektedir. Afetler, ani gelişen ve toplumların fiziksel, sosyal ve psikolojik dokusunu
derinden etkileyen olaylardır. Araştırma, mevcut literatürün derinlemesine incelenmesi yoluyla, afetlerin
ruh sağlığı üzerindeki kısa ve uzun vadeli etkilerini, risk faktörlerini ve koruyucu faktörleri analiz
etmektedir. Psikososyal destek mekanizmaları, acil müdahale dönemi ve uzun vadeli iyileştirme
programları çerçevesinde ele alınmış, toplum temelli yaklaşımlar ve etkili müdahale stratejileri
değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, afetlerin ruh sağlığı üzerindeki karmaşık etkilerini ve etkili destek
mekanizmalarının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, afet yönetimi ve ruh sağlığı hizmetleri alanında
çalışan profesyonellere, politika yapıcılara ve araştırmacılara yönelik önemli içgörüler sunmayı
amaçlamaktadır. Afetlere yönelik bütüncül ve multidisipliner yaklaşımlar, toplumların ruhsal
dayanıklılığını artırmak ve uzun vadeli psikolojik sorunları azaltmak için kritik öneme sahiptir.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. (2018). Mental health: Strengthening our response. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
Doğan, T., & Erdur Baker, Ö. (Eds.). (2016). Afetler, krizler, travmalar ve psikolojik yardım. Ankara: Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği.
Kadıoğlu, M. (2011). Afet yönetimi: Beklenilmeyeni beklemek, en kötüsünü yönetmek. Marmara Belediyeler Birliği.
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC). (2007). IASC guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support in emergency settings. https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-task-force-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/iasc-guidelines-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings-2007
North, C. S., Pfefferbaum, B., & Choi, Y. S. (2013). Trauma, psychiatric disorders, and treatment: Implications for the disaster workforce and disaster-affected populations. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 7(1), 38-44
Galea, S., Nandi, A., & Vlahov, D. (2005). The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder after disasters. Epidemiologic Reviews, 27(1), 78-91.
Norris, Fran H., Matthew J. Friedman, Patricia J. Watson, Christopher M. Byrne, Eolia Diaz, and Krzysztof Kaniasty. “60,000 Disaster Victims Speak: Part I. An Empirical Review of the Empirical Literature, 1981—2001.” Psychiatry 65, no. 3 (2002): 207–39. doi:10.1521/psyc.65.3.207.20173.
Neria, Y., Nandi, A., & Galea, S. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 38(4), 467-480.
Kessler, R. C., Galea, S., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Ursano, R. J., & Wessely, S. (2008). Trends in mental illness and suicidality after Hurricane Katrina. Molecular Psychiatry, 13(4), 374-384.
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 748-766.
Bonanno, G. A., Brewin, C. R., Kaniasty, K., & La Greca, A. M. (2010). Weighing the costs of disaster: Consequences, risks, and resilience in individuals, families, and communities. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 11(1), 1-49.
Tolin, D. F., & Foa, E. B. (2006). Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 959-992.
Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 52-73.
Kaniasty, K., & Norris, F. H. (2009). Distinctions that matter: Received social support, perceived social support, and social embeddedness after disasters. In Y. Neria, S. Galea, & F. H. Norris (Eds.), Mental health and disasters (pp. 175-200). Cambridge University Press.
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745-774.
Norris, F. H., & Maguen, S. (2009). Mental health consequences of disasters. In K. E. Cherry (Ed.), Lifespan perspectives on natural disasters (pp. 93-112). Springer.
Pfefferbaum, B., Reissman, D., Pfefferbaum, R., Klomp, R., & Gurwitch, R. (2005). Building resilience to mass trauma events. In L. Doll, S. Bonzo, J. Mercy, & D. Sleet (Eds.), Handbook on injury and violence prevention interventions (pp. 347-358). Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Hobfoll, S. E., Watson, P., Bell, C. C., Bryant, R. A., Brymer, M. J., Friedman, M. J., ... & Ursano, R. J. (2007). Five essential elements of immediate and mid–term mass trauma intervention: Empirical evidence. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 70(4), 283-315.
World Health Organization. (2011). Psychological first aid: Guide for field workers. WHO.
Sphere Project. (2018). The Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response. Sphere Association.
Roberts, A. R., & Everly, G. S. (2006). A meta-analysis of 36 crisis intervention studies. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 6(1), 10-21.
Bisson, J. I., & Lewis, C. (2009). Systematic review of psychological first aid. World Health Organization.
Gillies, D., Maiocchi, L., Bhandari, A. P., Taylor, F., Gray, C., & O'Brien, L. (2016). Psychological therapies for children and adolescents exposed to trauma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (10).
Shapiro, F., & Maxfield, L. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Information processing in the treatment of trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(8), 933-946.
Foy, D. W., Eriksson, C. B., & Trice, G. A. (2000). Group interventions for trauma survivors. In J. P. Wilson & B. Raphael (Eds.), Psychological debriefing: Theory, practice and evidence (pp. 257-274). Cambridge University Press.
Malchiodi, C. A. (2020). Trauma and expressive arts therapy: Brain, body, and imagination in the healing process. Guilford Publications.
Wessells, M. G. (2009). Do no harm: Toward contextually appropriate psychosocial support in international emergencies. American Psychologist, 64(8), 842-854
Ager, A., Akesson, B., Stark, L., Flouri, E., Okot, B., McCollister, F., & Boothby, N. (2015). The impact of the school‐based Psychosocial Structured Activities (PSSA) program on conflict‐affected children in northern Uganda. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(11), 1194-1202.
Patel, V., Araya, R., Chatterjee, S., Chisholm, D., Cohen, A., De Silva, M., ... & van Ommeren, M. (2007). Treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 370(9591), 991-1005.
Shalev, A. Y. (2002). Acute stress reactions in adults. Biological Psychiatry, 51(7), 532-543.
Bryant, R. A., Mastrodomenico, J., Felmingham, K. L., Hopwood, S., Kenny, L., Kandris, E., ... & Creamer, M. (2008). Treatment of acute stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(6), 659-667.
van Ommeren, M., Saxena, S., & Saraceno, B. (2005). Mental and social health during and after acute emergencies: emerging consensus? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83, 71-75
Pynoos, R. S., Fairbank, J. A., Steinberg, A. M., Amaya-Jackson, L., Gerrity, E., Mount, M. L., & Maze, J. (2008). The National Child Traumatic Stress Network: Collaborating to improve the standard of care. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39(4), 389-395.
Wolmer, L., Laor, N., & Yazgan, Y. (2003). School reactivation programs after disaster: could teachers serve as clinical mediators? Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12(2), 363-381.
Kirmayer, L. J., Narasiah, L., Munoz, M., Rashid, M., Ryder, A. G., Guzder, J., ... & Pottie, K. (2011). Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 183(12), E959-E967
Silove, D., Ventevogel, P., & Rees, S. (2017). The contemporary refugee crisis: an overview of mental health challenges. World Psychiatry, 16(2), 130-139.
