Eco-Friendly Biocomposites Reinforced with Sulfur Mushroom: Impact on Thermophysical Properties and Structural Integrity

Abstract

This study was conducted on the production and characterization of biocomposite materials reinforced with sulfur mushrooms (Laetiporus sulphureus). The thermophysical properties of the produced biocomposites, such as bulk density, Shore A hardness, thermal conductivity coefficient, and surface morphology, were characterized. Sulfur mushroom was integrated into the biocomposite matrix as a biodegradable and renewable additive material. Dried and ground sulfur mushroom was added to the raw material in powder form at 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 4 wt.%. Commercial polyol (CP) and castor oil (CO) were used as raw materials. Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) was preferred as a crosslinker. The results show that sulfur mushroom raises the hardness of biocomposites and slightly increases the thermal conductivity coefficient. In Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, it is understood that sulfur cork physically interacts with CP and CO and MDI forms a chemical bond. The surface porosity of the biocomposite was not adversely affected up to 2 wt.% (optimum ratio). However, reinforcement of the biocomposite with high biomass filler raised the bulk density and Shore A hardness. It has been observed that it improves the structural integrity and lightness of the material. The use of such additives and fillers in obtaining a low carbon footprint, environmentally friendly, and economical biocomposites will make significant contributions in the future.